Lesson:Essentials/46

Grammar

Could

O could é um verbo auxiliar, um verbo auxiliar modal, ele serve como passado para o "'can"' e é amplamente utilizado para fazer pedidos educadamente. Sua forma negativa é o "'Couldn't"' (Could not)

A diferença do "'could"' para o "'was able to"' é que para habilidades que possuíamos em geral utilizamos os "'could"' para algo que conseguimos fazer em uma ocasião especial utilizaremos o "'was able to"'

Para utilizarmos o "'Could"' fazemos igual quando utilizamos o "'Can"', apenas fazemos "'subject + could+ verb"'

Observe:

• He could swim when he was five years old.
  • Ele conseguia nadar quando ele tinha cinco anos de idade.
• My nephew could already speak seven languages when he was eighteen.
  • Meu sobrinho já era capaz de falar sete línguas quando ele tinha dezoito anos.
• Could you understand the exercise?
  • Você conseguiu entender o exercício?

Pedidos

• Could you pass me the salt?
  • Você poderia me passar o sal?
• Could you send me a copy?
  • Você poderia me enviar uma cópia?
• Could you go with me?
  • Você poderia ir comigo?
• Could you tell me the right answer?
  • Você poderia me dizer a resposta correta?

1. Complete with could or couldn't:

1. _______ you stop doing that? It's annoying!
2. I _______ finish that large pizza alone.
3. _______ you ask her to go out with me?
4. You _______ ask mister Jones to help you.
5. Where _______ he have parked his car?
6. He _______ go to the party because he was busy.
7. We _______ go to France next summer.
8. I _______ lift the box. It was too heavy for me.
9. Sarah _______ eat because she was ill.
10. If I _______ turn back time, I'd do everything differently.

2. Complete with can, can't, could or couldn't:

1. Before Andy came to the USA, he ______ speak English, but now he _______ understand everything.
2. Nancy _______ run twenty miles when she was younger.
3. Brian usually has insomnia, but he was so tired last night that he _______ sleep early.
4. We had a great picnic last Sunday, but my friend Bob _______ come.
5. I _______ do a somersault now, but I _______ when I was two. (somersault = cambalhota)
6. Mary was so busy that she _______ accept the invitation to go out.
7. Joe _______ whistle at all. Now he _______.
8. Lisa _______ play baseball, but she _______ when she was three.

Vocabulary

Art

• Actor
• Actress
• Mask
• Spotlight
• Stage
• Director
• Megaphone
• Star, celebrity
• Audience
• Applause
• Clap
• Boo
• Painting
• Frame
• Painter, artist (general)
• Easel
• Canvas
• Paint
• Palette
• Paint brush
• Portfolio
• Model
• Sculptor
• Sculpture
• Pedestal
• Bust
• Museum

Art

Phrasal Verb

give up
desistir

• The woman gave up trying to become a fire fighter after a year.
  • A mulher desistiu de tentar tornar-se uma bombeira depois de um ano.

1. Translate the sentences into English

1. Ele desistiu do jogo antes do fim.
2. Nós desistimos de comprar a TV.

2. Translate the sentences into Portuguese:

1. They gave up studying for that course.
2. I will give up talking to you if you keep talking nonsense.

3. Make to sentences using the phrasal verb give up:

Conversation

1. Do you like art? What kinds?
2. What do you consider art? Why?
3. Are you an artist? If not, would you like to be one?
4. Would you like to be on stage? What would you like to perform? (sing, play, etc)
5. Are there good museums where you live?
6. When you travel to different places, what things do you like to see?
7. Do you like to go to theaters? How often do you go?
8. Which famous movie directors do you know?
9. Who are your favorite movie stars? Why?

Prepositions

around

1. Look at the picture below and write two sentences using the preposition around:

Review

1. Use the words can, can't, could or couldn't to complete the sentences below:

1. Bob _______ swim but he _______ when he was two years old.
2. Steve's younger sister _______ surf, but he _______.
3. Last week it was sunny and we _______ go swimming, but this week we _______.
4. Russel _______ play the violin, but he _______ play the piano.
5. Sea turtles _______ swim, but they _______ fly.
6. Tony _______ cook now, but he _______ before taking cooking classes.
7. Kimi _______ dance salsa, but she _______ dance samba.

2. Rewrite the sentences following the model:

• Where did she go yesterday? / sing / act
• Where did she sing yesterday?
• Where did she act yesterday?

1. The actress couldn't go to the stage. / actor / director
2. The painter wasn't using the canvas. / palette / paint brush
3. That painting has no frame. / colors / sculpture
4. The audience will be arriving at 7 p.m. / The star / The artists
5. At the end, the audience clapped. / applaud / boo
6. That actor could be in the spotlight. / can / That celebrity
7. I saw the portfolio of that sculptor. / it's beautiful / different
8. This museum has many different pieces of art. / sculptures / rare paintings

3. According to the vocabulary above, try to guess what's the definition of the sentences:

• models, star, megaphone, palette, pedestal, boo, stage

1. An object we hold in our hands which has many different colors of paint.
2. The place where the actors like to be.
3. The main person in a movie, play, etc.
4. An instrument used so the person can speak louder.
5. A bad reaction of the audience after a presentation.
6. The thing used to hold sculptures.
7. The people who use their body and beauty for their job.

4. Text listening:

Answers

1. We could be the actors in that play.
2. It's possible to see ancient art in Europe.
3. Many famous artists come from that university.
4. She couldn't wait to see the sculpture.
5. We need more museums in our city.
6. The actress is nervous because of the large audience.
7. In Hollywood, there are celebrities everywhere.

5. Read the text and answer the questions below:

History of Theater

The word theater means a “place for seeing,” but theater is more than just a building where plays are performed. It’s the whole idea behind what happens there. Theater is where playwrights write scripts, directors supervise rehearsals, set designers and technical crew work behind-the-scenes, and the actors perform on stage. All of these people have an important role in the theater, but it is not true theater until an audience is there to experience it.

Exactly when theater began is a mystery. Prehistoric hunters acted out stories about their hunting expeditions. Ancient Egyptians performed sacred songs and danced for their gods in religious ceremonies, but the idea of theater as dramatic entertainment came later.

<!wikipedia>

1. What's the meaning of the word theater?
2. What's theater about?
3. Name three important people needed to put a play together.
4. Is theater a recent thing? Why?
5. What were the first performances on stage about?
6. Do you go to the theater often?
7. What was the last play you saw? What was the story about?

DT   playwrights

DT   scripts

DT   rehearsal

DT   set

DT   crew

DT   sacred

DT   dramatic

DT   entertainment

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