Lesson:Essentials/41

Grammar

Hoje vamos aprender sobre conjunctions. Conjunctions são palavras que ligam duas ou mais palavras, frases ou cláusulas. Como o nosso objetivo é aprender a falar inglês com fluência - e não exatamente dar definições gramaticais rigorosas - vamos deixar de lado toda a discussão sobre como classificar conjunções, apenas ver alguns exemplos e aprender a usá-las na prática.

As conjunções que veremos hoje são: and, but, or, so e because.

Estas palavras são tão úteis que dá vontade de colocar logo todas elas aqui. Mas, aprendendo estas cinco, já melhoramos muito a nossa capacidade de comunicação.

Vejamos alguns exemplos:

• Larry finished eating dinner and started studying for the exam.
  • Larry terminou de jantar e começou a estudar para a prova.
• She had a lot of free time but she did not study very much.
  • Ela tinha bastante tempo livre mas não estudou muito.
• You can stay here with me or go to the mall with your father.
  • Você pode ficar aqui comigo ou ir para o shopping com o seu pai.
• We didn't have time to have breakfast so we decided to stop at a restaurant on the way.
  • Nós não tivemos tempo de tomar café da manhã então decidimos parar em um restaurante no caminho.
• I worked until late because I was very excited about the project.
  • Trabalhei até tarde porque estava muito empolgado(a) com o projeto.

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences with: because, and, but, or, or so:

1. In the summer, we wear light clothes _______ the weather is hot.
2. I have a toothache, _______ I must see a dentist as soon as possible.
3. It is rainy _______ windy today.
4. With this hot weather, we can go to the beach _______ to the swimming pool.
5. I like walking, _______ I never go to school on foot _______ it is 10 miles away from home.
6. My son is calm _______ easy-going _______ my daughter is very moody, _______ they never agree with each other. (with each other = um com o outro)
7. They don't know if they will order sandwiches _______ a pizza.
8. I am English, _______ I live in the US _______ I work for an American company.
9. I love painting _______ fishing _______ they teach me concentration.
10. Jane hates swimming _______ she spends her summer holidays on the beach _______ she loves sunbathing.
11. It is always rainy in the winter, _______ you should always take an umbrella with you.
12. I don't know if I will stay home _______ go to that party with my friends.
13. Fast food restaurants are delicious _______ usually unhealthy, _______ people should avoid them.
14. Peter is obese, _______ the doctor advised him to practice sports regularly.
15. Parents _______ their children should have a good relationship.

Pronunciation

Examples
a	the
of	that
about	common
standard	butter
better	clever

Vocabulary

• to record
• to shoot
• to take - took
• to see - saw
• Picture
• Painting
• Harmony
• Landscape
• Birds
• Sight
• Light
• Dark
• Fashion Show
• Looks
• Model
• Studio

Important Sentences!

• well-lit room
• Photoshoot
• To take a picture

Exercises

1) Look at the photos and answer the questions, the teacher may ask you to write down your answers or to answer orally:

1. What is the place in the photo?
2. Is it dark or well-lit?
3. Describe the place.

Extra Vocabulary

Photography

• Camera
• Flash
• Lens
• Zoom lens
• Photograph, photo
• Slide
• Photo album
• Photographer
• Tripod
• Film
• Reel
• Projector
• Screen

Photography

Phrasal Verb

ask for someone
pedir para chamar alguém

• The little girl is asking for her mother.
  • A menina está pedindo para chamar a sua mãe

1. Translate the sentences into Portuguese:

1. He always asks for his friends when he is sick.
2. They are asking for a mechanic to fix their car.

2. Translate the sentences into English:

1. O atleta está pedindo para chamar o treinador.
2. Precisamos pedir que mais pessoas venham aqui.

3. Make two sentences using the phrasal verb ask for someone:

Conversation

1. Do you take many pictures?
2. Do you prefer taking pictures of people or landscapes? Why?
3. Do you have a camera or do you use your cell phone to take pictures?
4. When did you last take a picture? What was it of?
5. Do you think taking pictures is a more common activity now that smartphones have cameras? Do you like it or not? Why?
6. What's the best thing about taking a picture: the memory it brings back or the possibility to show it to others?
7. Is it difficult to take good pictures? Why?
8. Do you know any photographers?
9. Do you have an Instagram account? If so, what kind of pictures do you usually post there?
10. Describe the nicest picture you took with your camera.

Prepositions

to / from

1.Look at the pictures below and write two sentences using the prepositions to and from:

Review

1. Write at least two sentences with each of the conjunctions below:

1. because
2. so
3. or
4. and
5. but

2. Rewrite the sentences following the model.

• They recorded the game yesterday. / the party / my sister
• They recorded the party yesterday.
• My sister recorded the party yesterday.

1. My brother is going to take many pictures today. / record the lecture / to see the pictures.
2. Gisele will be in the fashion show because she's a good model. / pretty / famous.
3. They need to have landscape and models on this picture. / cars and mechanics / the beach and the sun
4. The photographer lost his camera so the photo shoot will be in the afternoon. / in the studio / needs more light
5. My family took many pictures but I couldn't use any of them. / only a few were in good quality / I
6. They can eat here or go to a restaurant. / go to the movies - theater / shop online - at the mall
7. The prices were good so I bought two pieces. / the whole box / a few more units.

3. Rewrite the sentences using the conjunctions given. You might need to add some extra words in the sentence. See the example:

• stay home / go to the show tomorrow night ( or )
• I'll stay home or go to the show tomorrow night.

1. went to his first day at school / made new friends ( and )
2. took her new camera on the trip / didn't take many pictures ( but )
3. go on foot in the afternoon / go by car in the evening ( or )
4. wanted to take some beautiful pictures / stopped on the way to the mountains ( so )
5. stayed longer / wanted to finish it ( because )
6. arrived home / called my father ( and )
7. changed the flat tire / could continue on my trip ( so )

4. Listen to the sentences and write them down:

Answers

1. That place has beautiful landscapes.
2. After the black out everything was totally dark.
3. The flash of that old camera isn't working.
4. There are many pretty birds behind my house.
5. She didn't see me last night.
6. We need to take this to the meeting.
7. Do you know any good photographers?

5. Choose the right answer according to the sentence given:

Mr. Carter said: "I want to visit the pyramids and the desert when I go to Egypt."

1 Mr. Carter:

	knows a lot about Egypt
	is probably going to Egypt for the first time
	is a descendant of Cleopatra

2 He

	wants to visit first the pyramids and then the desert
	wants to visit first the desert and then the pyramids
	doesn't say in which order he wants to visit the pyramids and the desert

3 Mr. Carter:

	is in Egypt already
	is flying to Egypt
	is going to Egypt in the future

My mother told me to choose between the ice cream and the chocolate to eat after lunch.

4 The kid:

	will eat a lot of dessert
	will choose one of the two
	can't eat sweets

5 The kid:

	is eating sweet in the morning
	doesn't like chocolate
	needs to finish lunch first

6 The kid likes both desserts:

	yes
	no
	probably likes both because he needs to make a choice

Mary always gets good grades. She needs to buy these books because she has to study for the next test.

7 Mary:

	doesn't like to study
	is dedicated to her studies
	studies just enough to pass the tests

8 The reason she needs the books is because:

	she is afraid she will get a bad grade
	she has to study with her friends
	there is a test she needs to study for

9 How often does Mary take her tests?

	once in a while
	every now and then
	it doesn't say

They had many months to finish the project but they didn't apply themselves too much.

10 They...

	didn't work on the project because it was a very difficult one
	worked on the project but not so much
	need more time to finish because there were some setbacks

11 The deadline of the project was:

	long but they weren't very organized
	too short
	fair but there were some unforeseen problems

12 How many people were there in the project?

	one
	more than one
	at least a few

Next lesson

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