Difference between revisions of "Lesson:Infinitive or -ING"

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= Intro =
 
==Infinitivo ou -ing?==
 
==Infinitivo ou -ing?==
  
 
Às vezes precisamos decidir quando usar um verbo em sua forma:
 
Às vezes precisamos decidir quando usar um verbo em sua forma:
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    -ing (doing, singing)
+
*-ing (doing, singing)
−
</pre>
+
</div>
 
:::ou
 
:::ou
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    infinitiva (to do, to sing).
+
*infinitiva (to do, to sing).
−
</pre>
+
</div>
 +
<br>
 
Por exemplo, apenas uma das seguintes frases está correta. Qual?
 
Por exemplo, apenas uma das seguintes frases está correta. Qual?
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    I dislike working late. (???)
+
*I dislike working late. (???)
−
    I dislike to work late. (???)
+
*I dislike to work late. (???)
−
</pre>
+
</div>
−
==Quando usar a forma infinitiva==
+
<br>
 +
== Part A ==
 +
===Quando usar a forma infinitiva===
  
−
{| class="wikitable" align="right"
+
{| class="prettytable" align="right"
 
!colspan="5"| verb + to + verb
 
!colspan="5"| verb + to + verb
 +
|+ align="bottom" |
 +
Table 1
 
|-
 
|-
 
| forget || help || learn || teach || train
 
| forget || help || learn || teach || train
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| mean || tend || threaten || attempt || fail
 
| mean || tend || threaten || attempt || fail
 
|-
 
|-
−
| plan || arrange || appear || seem || pretend
+
| plan || arrange || appear || seem || intend
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dare || intend
+
| dare || || || ||
 
|}
 
|}
 
1. A forma infinitiva é utilizada depois de certos verbos:
 
1. A forma infinitiva é utilizada depois de certos verbos:
  
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">  
−
    I forgot to close the window.
+
*I forgot to close the window.
−
    Mary needs to leave early.
+
*Mary needs to leave early.
−
    We can't afford to take a long holiday.
+
*We can't afford to take a long holiday.
−
</pre>
+
</div>
  
 
2. A forma infinitiva sempre vem depois de adjetivos, por exemplo:
 
2. A forma infinitiva sempre vem depois de adjetivos, por exemplo:
  
 
* disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
 
* disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">  
−
    I was happy to help them.
+
*I was happy to help them.
−
    She will be delighted to see you.
+
*She will be delighted to see you.
−
</pre>
+
</div>
  
 
2.1 Isto inclui too + adjetivo:
 
2.1 Isto inclui too + adjetivo:
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    The water was too cold to swim in.
+
*The water was too cold to swim in.
−
    Is your coffee too hot to drink?
+
*Is your coffee too hot to drink?
−
</pre>
+
</div>
  
 
2.2 A forma infinitiva também vem depois de adjetivo + enough:
 
2.2 A forma infinitiva também vem depois de adjetivo + enough:
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    He was strong enough to lift it.
+
*He was strong enough to lift it.
−
    She is rich enough to buy two.
+
*She is rich enough to buy two.
−
</pre>
+
</div>
  
−
==Quando usar -ing==
+
== Part B ==
 +
===Quando usar -ing===
  
 
1. A forma -ing é usada quando a palavra é o sujeito de uma sentença ou cláusula:
 
1. A forma -ing é usada quando a palavra é o sujeito de uma sentença ou cláusula:
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    Swimming is good exercise.
+
*Swimming is good exercise.
−
    Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.
+
*Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.
−
</pre>
+
</div>
 
2. A forma -ing é usada depois de uma preposição:
 
2. A forma -ing é usada depois de uma preposição:
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    I look forward to meeting you.
+
*I look forward to meeting you.
−
    They left without saying "Goodbye."
+
*They left without saying "Goodbye."
−
</pre>
+
</div>
−
{| class="wikitable" align="right"
+
{| class="prettytable" align="right"
 
!colspan="5"| verb + verb(ing)
 
!colspan="5"| verb + verb(ing)
 +
|+ align="bottom" |
 +
'''Table 2'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| avoid || dislike || enjoy || finish || mind
 
| avoid || dislike || enjoy || finish || mind
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| delay || regret || admit || consider || involve
 
| delay || regret || admit || consider || involve
 
|-
 
|-
−
| miss || postpone || risk  
+
| miss || postpone || risk || ||
 
|}
 
|}
 
3. A forma -ing é usada depois de certos verbos:
 
3. A forma -ing é usada depois de certos verbos:
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">  
−
    I dislike getting up early.
+
*I dislike getting up early.
−
    Would you mind opening the window?
+
*Would you mind opening the window?
−
    Stop talking for a second, please.
+
*Stop talking for a second, please.
−
    I miss living with you.
+
*I miss living with you.
−
</pre>
+
</div>
 
4. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de -ing ou ficarem na forma infinitiva sem alterar muito o sentido:
 
4. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de -ing ou ficarem na forma infinitiva sem alterar muito o sentido:
  
 
* begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
 
* begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
−
<pre width=50%>
+
<div class="well well-ex">
−
    It started to rain.
+
*It started to rain.
−
    It started raining.
+
*It started raining.
−
    I like to play tennis.
+
*I like to play tennis.
−
    I like playing tennis.
+
*I like playing tennis.
−
</pre>
+
</div>
−
==Exercises==
+
 
 +
===Writing practice===
 +
 
 +
Make sentences using the verbs found in table 1 and table 2. Make sure you use the structure we learned in this lesson (verb to verb) and (verb + verb + ING).
 +
 
 +
== Extra Exercises ==
  
 
#[[Lesson:Infinitive or -ING/ExerciseA1]]
 
#[[Lesson:Infinitive or -ING/ExerciseA1]]
 +
 +
<br><br>
 +
{{#widget:DISQUS
 +
|id=jointhegrove
 +
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
 +
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
 +
}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Core]]

Latest revision as of 17:06, 13 August 2020

Intro

Infinitivo ou -ing?

Às vezes precisamos decidir quando usar um verbo em sua forma:

  • -ing (doing, singing)
ou
  • infinitiva (to do, to sing).


Por exemplo, apenas uma das seguintes frases está correta. Qual?

  • I dislike working late. (???)
  • I dislike to work late. (???)


Part A

Quando usar a forma infinitiva

verb + to + verb
Table 1
forget help learn teach train
choose expect hope need offer
want would like agree refuse pretend
promise allow afford decide manage
mean tend threaten attempt fail
plan arrange appear seem intend
dare

1. A forma infinitiva é utilizada depois de certos verbos:

  • I forgot to close the window.
  • Mary needs to leave early.
  • We can't afford to take a long holiday.

2. A forma infinitiva sempre vem depois de adjetivos, por exemplo:

  • disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
  • I was happy to help them.
  • She will be delighted to see you.

2.1 Isto inclui too + adjetivo:

  • The water was too cold to swim in.
  • Is your coffee too hot to drink?

2.2 A forma infinitiva também vem depois de adjetivo + enough:

  • He was strong enough to lift it.
  • She is rich enough to buy two.

Part B

Quando usar -ing

1. A forma -ing é usada quando a palavra é o sujeito de uma sentença ou cláusula:

  • Swimming is good exercise.
  • Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

2. A forma -ing é usada depois de uma preposição:

  • I look forward to meeting you.
  • They left without saying "Goodbye."
verb + verb(ing)
Table 2
avoid dislike enjoy finish mind
practice imagine suggest stop deny
delay regret admit consider involve
miss postpone risk

3. A forma -ing é usada depois de certos verbos:

  • I dislike getting up early.
  • Would you mind opening the window?
  • Stop talking for a second, please.
  • I miss living with you.

4. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de -ing ou ficarem na forma infinitiva sem alterar muito o sentido:

  • begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
  • It started to rain.
  • It started raining.
  • I like to play tennis.
  • I like playing tennis.

Writing practice

Make sentences using the verbs found in table 1 and table 2. Make sure you use the structure we learned in this lesson (verb to verb) and (verb + verb + ING).

Extra Exercises

  1. Lesson:Infinitive or -ING/ExerciseA1



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