Lesson: Verb + ing

Part A

Geralmente, quando temos um verbo seguindo o outro, utilizamos o "to" entre eles para colocar o segundo no infinitivo. Porém, com estes verbos, tiramos o "to" e adicionamos -ing ao segundo.

Exemplo:

He avoids eating sugar. (não dizemos avoids to eat)

Os seguintes verbos pedem -ing quando outros verbos os seguem:

verb + verb(ing)
avoid	dislike	enjoy	finish	mind
practice	imagine	suggest	stop	deny
delay	regret	admit	consider	involve
miss	postpone	risk

Obs. Podemos usar tanto "stop to" ou "stop + verb(ing)", porém com significados diferentes. Veja os seguintes exemplos:

He stopped smoking two years ago. (Ele parou de fumar há dois anos.) He stopped to smoke five minutes ago. (Ele parou para fumar há cinco minutos.)

Exercises

1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

a. ( avoid / go out in the cold ) - Jessica is sick. Her mother told her that if she goes out it will get worse. What should she avoid?

Answer: Jessica should avoid going out in the cold.

b. ( dislike / have to meet new people ) - Jonathan is socially awkward. He has a hard time meeting new people. What does he dislike?

c. ( enjoy / swim ) - Every opportunity she has she's in the water. Some of her friends tell her she's more fish than human. What does Lindsey enjoy doing?

d. ( finish / eat lunch ) - Mike is anxious to go play with his friend. His parents tell him he cannot go before he eats everything on his plate. What does he have to do?

e. ( not mind / help him pack his bags ) - Jack is awful when it comes to packing his bags for a trip and he's asking you for help. What do you say to him?

f. ( practice / speak in public ) - Timothy is shy, but he was just promoted to a managerial position and will have to lead meetings in his company. What should he do?

g. ( imagine / go on a trip to Europe ) - Your friend is going to Europe and she wants you to come too. She's talking about all the beautiful things you will see there. What does she want you to do right now?

h. ( suggest / travel at night ) - Heather hates traveling when it's hot. What can you suggest to her?

i. ( stop / eat red meat ) - Larissa tells people they should all become vegetarians, but every now and then she can't resist a good barbeque. What does she have to do to stop being a hypocrite?

f. ( deny / eat red meat at the BBQ ) - Larissa's friend heard that she went to a BBQ last night. Since she tells everyone she's a vegetarian, what will she do?

g. ( delay / send the emails until the information is verified ) - You just noticed an email you wrote to send to your coworkers might have some wrong information. What will you have to do?

h. ( regret / tell your sister the secret ) - You told your sister a secret but she told other people about it. How do you feel right now?

i. ( admit / break the glass ) - You got home and could not find your favorite wine glass. When you asked your roommate about it, what did she do?

j. ( consider / go back home ) - Larry went to a party, but it was pretty boring. What will he do?

k. ( involve / design website layouts for businesses ) - Cindy found a job opportunity and is trying to figure out what she will have to do if she takes the job. Tell her what the job involves.

l. ( miss / go to the movies with her friends ) - Monica has fond memories of the time when she could go to the movies with her friends every weekend. What does she miss?

m. ( postpone / meet the boss ) - You just got a job and are anxious to meet your boss. Unfortunately he is very busy at the moment and won't be able to come see you. What will you have to do?

n. ( risk / lose your job ) - You found out that your company is stealing money from its employees, but you are afraid you will get fired if you tell anyone about it. If you do tell, what will happen?

2. Do this translation exercise.

3. Make sentences using the verbs found in the table above. Use the form "verb + verb(ing)"

Part B

As seguintes expressões também pedem -ing.

give up

parar ou desistir de fazer algo

go on

continuar a fazer algo

put off

deixar para fazer depois

keep / keep on

fazer algo continuamente ou repetidamente

Exemplos:

He gave up trying to convice her to go out. Please, go on playing your violin. I need to put off calling her. I am not in the right mood to do it. They keep on trying to make me stay even though they know I need to go home.

Quando falamos sobre ações que já se encerraram podemos utilizar duas formas. Veja a tradução da seguinte frase.

Ele gostou de ter ido à festa.

He enjoyed going to the party. He enjoyed having gone to the party.

Por fim, podemos utilizar a palavra "that" após alguns verbos, em vez de utilizar o -ing, principalmente (admit, deny, regret e suggest)

Exemplo:

They admitted that they were not trying to help. She denied that she was part of our group. I regret that I was not there with you. I suggested that we make strawberry cakes instead.

1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

a. ( give up / try to help her ) - Carla is not doing very well in school. Since you're her friend, you have tried your best to help her, but it has been pointless. All she wants to do is play video-games. What will you do?

b. ( go on / study by myself ) - You invited Susan to study with you but she did not feel like it. What did you decide?

c. ( put off / look for a job ) - You told your friends you would stop living at your mom's expense and look for a job. But when you think about it, it seems like such a chore. What do you want to do?

d. ( keep on / work on the project ) - You told your boss it would be a great idea to have a facebook page for your business. He agreed to let you create one but now he thinks it's just a waste of time. You still believe that integrating social media and marketing in the company is a great project. What do you want to do?

e. ( admit that / break the cup ) Your friend collects mugs. Last year she brought one from Paris which is now her favotire. When she was not home you decided to use it and, unfortunately, it fell and broke. What must you do if you want to be honest with your friend?

f. ( deny that / already watch the movie ) Your brother loves the Harry Potter movies, but he still hasn't been able to watch the last one. You promised you'd watch it with him. One day you went on a date and ended up watching it with that special someone. What can you do to avoid making your brother sad?

g. ( regret that / not wait ) Your boyfriend/girlfriend went away on a trip that lasted three months. He/She asked you to wait for him/her but you didn't. Now that he/she is back, how do you feel?

h. ( suggest that / light the fire ) It's very cold and the fireplace is not lit. What should you do?

2. Make sentences with the following expressions. Use the form "verb + verb(ing)" for the first four.

• give up
• go on
• put off
• keep / keep on
• admit that
• deny that
• regret that
• suggest that

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