Lesson: Infinitive or -ING

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Intro

Infinitivo ou -ing?

Às vezes precisamos decidir quando usar um verbo em sua forma:

-ing (doing, singing)
ou
infinitiva (to do, to sing).

Por exemplo, apenas uma das seguintes frases está correta. Qual?

I dislike working late. (???)
I dislike to work late. (???)

Part A

Quando usar a forma infinitiva

verb + to + verb
Table 1
forget help learn teach train
choose expect hope need offer
want would like agree refuse pretend
promise allow afford decide manage
mean tend threaten attempt fail
plan arrange appear seem want
dare intend

1. A forma infinitiva é utilizada depois de certos verbos:

  • I forgot to close the window.
  • Mary needs to leave early.
  • We can't afford to take a long holiday.

2. A forma infinitiva sempre vem depois de adjetivos, por exemplo:

  • disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
  • I was happy to help them.
  • She will be delighted to see you.

2.1 Isto inclui too + adjetivo:

  • The water was too cold to swim in.
  • Is your coffee too hot to drink?

2.2 A forma infinitiva também vem depois de adjetivo + enough:

  • He was strong enough to lift it.
  • She is rich enough to buy two.

Part B

Quando usar -ing

1. A forma -ing é usada quando a palavra é o sujeito de uma sentença ou cláusula:

  • Swimming is good exercise.
  • Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

2. A forma -ing é usada depois de uma preposição:

  • I look forward to meeting you.
  • They left without saying "Goodbye."
verb + verb(ing)
Table 2
avoid dislike enjoy finish mind
practice imagine suggest stop deny
delay regret admit consider involve
miss postpone risk

3. A forma -ing é usada depois de certos verbos:

  • I dislike getting up early.
  • Would you mind opening the window?
  • Stop talking for a second, please.
  • I miss living with you.

4. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de -ing ou ficarem na forma infinitiva sem alterar muito o sentido:

  • begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
  • It started to rain.
  • It started raining.
  • I like to play tennis.
  • I like playing tennis.

Writing practice

Make sentences using the verbs found in table 1 and table 2.

Extra Exercises

  1. Lesson:Infinitive or -ING/ExerciseA1



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