Lesson: Infinitive or -ING

Infinitivo ou -ing?

Às vezes precisamos decidir quando usar um verbo em sua forma:

   -ing (doing, singing)

ou

   infinitiva (to do, to sing).

Por exemplo, apenas uma das seguintes frases está correta. Qual?

   I dislike working late. (???)
   I dislike to work late. (???)

Quando usar a forma infinitiva

1. A forma infinitiva é utilizada depois de certos verbos:

verb + to
forget	help	learn	teach	train
choose	expect	hope	need	offer
want	would like	agree	refuse	pretend
promise	allow	afford	decide	manage
mean	tend	threaten	attempt	fail
plan	arrange	appear	seem	pretend
dare	intend

    I forgot to close the window.
    Mary needs to leave early.
    We can't afford to take a long holiday.

2. A forma infinitiva sempre vem depois de adjetivos, por exemplo:

• disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised

    I was happy to help them.
    She will be delighted to see you.

2.1 Isto inclui too + adjetivo:

    The water was too cold to swim in.
    Is your coffee too hot to drink?

2.2 A forma infinitiva também vem depois de adjetivo + enough:

    He was strong enough to lift it.
    She is rich enough to buy two.

Quando usar -ing

1. A forma -ing é usada quando a palavra é o sujeito de uma sentença ou cláusula:

   Swimming is good exercise.
   Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

2. A forma -ing é usada depois de uma preposição:

   I look forward to meeting you.
   They left without saying "Goodbye."

3. A forma -ing é usada depois de certos verbos:

• avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, mind
• practice, imagine, suggest, stop, deny
• delay, regret, admit, consider, involve
• miss, postpone, risk

   I dislike getting up early.
   Would you mind opening the window?
   Stop talking for a second, please.
   I miss living with you.

4. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de -ing ou ficarem na forma infinitiva sem alterar muito o sentido:

• begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.

   It started to rain.
   It started raining.
   I like to play tennis.
   I like playing tennis.

Exercises

1. Lesson:Infinitive or -ING/ExerciseA1