The Grove - Academia de Idiomas - User contributions [en]

Lesson:Why Twilight Is Popular

2013-12-03T12:06:36Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Have ou ever watched Twilight? Did you like it?
# What do you think about those movies with vampires?
# Do you think the stories of this type of movies get the people's attention?
# Do you agree that the movie Twilight was directed to the female public? Why?
# Do you think Twilight became a blockbuster, because of the story or because of the actors?
# Is there any type of movie you don't like watching?
# What are the different types/genres of films you can watch?
# Think of a boring movie you've seen. Is there a way to make it better?
# Do you think that there are any topics that there should be more movies about?
# If you were a film director, what kind of movie would you like to make?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}dumbfounded{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}dumbfounded t] - dumbfounded
:*[{{dic}}predictable{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}predictable t] - predictable
:*[{{dic}}steaming{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}steaming t] - steaming
:*[{{dic}}pile{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pile t] - pile
:*[{{dic}}hidden{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hidden t] - hidden
:*[{{dic}}basement{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}basement t] - basement
:*[{{dic}}shell{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}shell t] - shell
:*[{{dic}}draw{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}draw t] - draw
:*[{{dic}}concern{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}concern t] - concern
:*[{{dic}}brick{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}brick t] - brick
:*[{{dic}}aside{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}aside t] - aside
:*[{{dic}}slip{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}slip t] - slip
:*[{{dic}}whine{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}whine t] - whine
:*[{{dic}}remarkable{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}remarkable t] - remarkable
:*[{{dic}}annoying{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}annoying t] - annoying
:*[{{dic}}chick{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}chick t] - chick

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|K4uuGvmAxTI}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Guys everywhere are dumbfounded. Wondering why our sisters, moms, girlfriends, aunts and grandmas are suddenly obsessed with Twilight. Because when we read Twilight, all we see is a poorly written, predictable, steaming pile of vampire. So, just in case you decide to pick up the book to search for its hidden genius, we'll save you the trouble: Twilight simply stays true to a basic formula that works on your desperate, discontent female friends the same way porn worked on you after you dropped out of community college and were living in your mom's basement. Here's how the formula works:<br><br>
Number one: The author creates a character that is an empty shell. By the 400th out of 500 pages, her appearance has never been described in any real detail. So we're not even sure how to draw her. As far as the reader is concerned, she may as well be a giant Lego brick. Now, appearance aside, her personality is portrayed as insecure and awkward. This makes it so that any female who has been through puberty is able to identify. By creating this empty shell, the character becomes less of a person and more of a role playing fantasy character that any female can slip into. Kind of like Dungeons and Dragons meets Anne of Green Gables - which is perfect for soccer moms or even old women who deal with the same things that the Lego brick deals with. So, after a few chapters of listening to the Lego brick whine about high school and sucking at holly bolly, you come to the second necessary element of this formula.<br><br>
Number two: Meet Edward. Edward represents everything that women have ever wanted, multiplied by ten thousand. The level of detail that the author goes into while describing Edward's appearance is remarkable. The author excruciatingly details his muscular packs, clothing, hair, eye color, even his goddamn breath. You can't even count the number of times the author uses the expression "Edward's perfect face". But his appearance is just the beginning of this experience: Not only is he strong, he is sensitive. He intensely listens to every single thing the soccer mom - Bella - has to say. As far as the reader is concerned, Edward cares about nothing in the world more than her.<br><br>
Number three. So you have your Lego, you have your perfect guy, now all you need is to hope that people will accept the idea that it would be perfectly normal for a 100 year old immortal with a perfect body and perfect soul to choose to date some annoying high school chick. Hey, it's that type of imagination that gives us all a reason to get out of bed each morning. So there you have it. At least this is how we think it goes. We still haven’t finished the last 100 pages yet.

</div>
</div>

[[Category:Transcript done]]

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs re-telling a story that you've seen in a movie. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Why the News Isn't Really the News

2013-12-03T12:03:43Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you read blogs often? Which ones?
# Do you think blogs are trustworthy? Why? Why not?
# What gets your attention when you pick something to read on the internet?
# Do you think internet has a lot of fake information? Why?
# Which sites/blogs do you usually read?
# Brazilians are considered to be very interested in other people's life by reading gossip articles. Dou you agree with that? Do you read this type of articles?
# Do you think gossip or fake/invented news are stimulators to make journalists appear more in the media? Why?
# Have you ever clicked on a link and it wasn't really the news you were expecting?
# What do you think about the advertisements made through the internet? Are they cool? Invasive? Funny? Boring?
# Which sites/blogs do you visit everyday?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}cruise{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}cruise t] - cruise
:*[{{dic}}source{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}source t] - source
:*[{{dic}}intriguing{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}intriguing t] - intriguing
:*[{{dic}}gossip{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}gossip t] - gossip
:*[{{dic}}conjecture{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}conjecture t] - conjecture
:*[{{dic}}sort{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}sort t] - sort
:*[{{dic}}hierarchy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hierarchy t] - hierarchy
:*[{{dic}}chain{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}chain t] - chain
:*[{{dic}}readership{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}readership t] - readership
:*[{{dic}}threshold{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}threshold t] - threshold
:*[{{dic}}publish{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}publish t] - publish
:*[{{dic}}stature{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}stature t] - stature
:*[{{dic}}pound{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pound t] - pound
:*[{{dic}}pavement{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pavement t] - pavement
:*[{{dic}}hijack{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hijack t] - hijack
:*[{{dic}}fake{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fake t] - fake
:*[{{dic}}accurate{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}accurate t] - accurate

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|YoZNJsp3Kik}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
So you're cruising around the Internet and you see a link to an article from some trusted news source, and it's got a really intruiguing title, so you read it. And later you find out that that whole article was mostly false. What you thought was news, was really just gossip or conjecture.<br/>
So we've got Ryan Holiday here. He's a media manipulator and he explains how this happens:
<br/><br/>
<strong>Ryan</strong>: So what I quickly discovered is that the media was this sort of hierarchy or chain. The bottom you have small blogs who have small readerships but correspondingly low threshold for what they will and will not publish.

<br/><strong>Ryan</strong>: Say this blog publishes a rumor then Business Insider or The Huffington Post or Perez Hilton writes about it. And now, because of the stature of those sites, it becomes something that people are talking about on Twitter, on Facebook, on e-mail, they're chattering about it. And what happens is, producers for CNN, producers for a right wing talk radio, journalists for The New York Times - where do they find out the news? They're not out pounding the pavement like it's a hundred years ago. No, they're reading what people are chattering about online. And that cycle is hijacked by people like me who say, "Okay, if this blog here has the power to accidentally start a media firestorm by what it publishes, I'm going to get them to publish something that benefits me."

<br/><strong>Ryan</strong>: I, I've sent them fake anonymous emails and watched as that turned into front page stories. The public isn’t aware that this is how their news is being made, but on both sides of the divide – on the marketing side and on the news side – neither is particularly concerned with quality. They're concerned with what will get attention.

And that's because of how blog sites and news sites make money. First, they get a lot of viewers to their pages. And then they ell that view count to advertisers. So to get more views you do stuff like…

<br/><strong>Ryan</strong>: Asking rhetorical untrue questions in a headline, doing your fact checking after you've published an article, gossiping, speculating, making up a story from whole cloth.

But what if I want good, accurate news. I mean, shouldn’t news sites want to give that to me ?

<br/><strong>Ryan</strong>: Yeah, look, uh, I think the rule of thumb is if you're not paying for it they don’t give a shit about you. They're loyal to their advertisers.

If you´re not paying for it, you´re not the customer, you are the product.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a short article pretending you're a journalist and need to impress the expectators from a website. Remember to use catchy words and an extremely grasping title. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Why Care About Internet Privacy?

2013-12-03T11:58:42Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Did you know that all of your internet data can be tracked? Whats your point of view about it?
# Do you think it's ilegal to do it?
# What problems might happen with this internet spying?
# If internet is free shouldn't everything be opened to the public?
# Would you have any problems if someone tracks you on the internet? If so, which?
# Do you know anybody who has been tracked before? How was it?
# What information do the companies usually want by tracking your internet?
# What do you think about the Amercian government being judged for internet tracking around the world?
# What kind of information do ou think the US government is trying to get?
# Are they going to have any advantage with these informations? What?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}absolutely {{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}absolutely t] - absolutely
:*[{{dic}}privacy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}privacy t] - privacy
:*[{{dic}}meaningless{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}meaningless t] - meaningless
:*[{{dic}}steam{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}steam t] - steam
:*[{{dic}}tons{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}tons t] - tons
:*[{{dic}}transaction{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}transaction t] - transaction
:*[{{dic}}shiny{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}shiny t] - shiny
:*[{{dic}}effort{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}effort t] - effort
:*[{{dic}}extension{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}extension t] - extension
:*[{{dic}}related{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}related t] - related
:*[{{dic}}protect{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}protect t] - protect

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|85mu9PLWCuI}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
--->>>

I heard a saying that “If you're not paying for the product, then you ARE the product”. <br>
Absolutely, its absolutely true. <br>
That's Alan Henry from LifeHacker.com. So, first off, Alan, why should we care about internet privacy? <br>
Every time you click from one website to another, you click on a link to go to the next page – that's information that people are collecting about you. That kind of information that you may think is meaningless is the steam that powers a lot of companies. <br>
Oh, so, if I don’t want my personal info to be used by other people to make tons of money, what can I do? <br>
The first step is really for people to understand that transaction that they make when they get something shiny and new that's free. So when you sign up for a new account at whatever service, read the terms of service at least as much as you can. What is it that you're giving up? <br>
Could you give an example, like what if I sign up for a photo-sharing site?<br>
Well congratulations, those photos are now owned by that company and they can be used in advertising efforts, even if those are photos of you and your family. <br>
Oh, ouch! Ok, so what can I do about this? <br>
If you're okay with Facebook and Twitter and Google and these other companies knowing these things about you, then that's fine. If you're not okay or if you want to control when they get information and when they don’t, there are a number of browser extensions like Disconnect and Ghostery. All these browser extensions give you control over whether or not the sites that you visit collect information about you and send them to other related companies. <br>
Ok, then! My information is important and I'm going to protect it as best as I can.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs expressing what's your point of view about internet tracking. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:What is Occupy Wall Street?

2013-12-03T11:53:46Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}sustained{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}sustained t] - sustained
:*[{{dic}}imagine{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}imagine t] - imagine
:*[{{dic}}shut{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}shut t] - shut
:*[{{dic}}rally{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}rally t] - rally
:*[{{dic}}merely{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}merely t] - merely
:*[{{dic}}wealth{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}wealth t] - wealth
:*[{{dic}}increase{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}increase t] - increase
:*[{{dic}}stagnant{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}stagnant t] - stagnant
:*[{{dic}}remain{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}remain t] - remain
:*[{{dic}}frustrate{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}frustrate t] - frustrate
:*[{{dic}}even{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}even t] - even
:*[{{dic}}immature{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}immature t] - immature
:*[{{dic}}elect{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}elect t] - elect
:*[{{dic}}occupy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}occupy t] - occupy
:*[{{dic}}movement{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}movement t] - movement
:*[{{dic}}issue{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}issue t] - issue
:*[{{dic}}marginalized{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}marginalized t] - marginalized
:*[{{dic}}charismatic{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}charismatic t] - charismatic
:*[{{dic}}decentralized{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}decentralized t] - decentralized
:*[{{dic}}plain{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}plain t] - plain
:*[{{dic}}prototyping{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}prototyping t] - prototyping
:*[{{dic}}evolves{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}evolves t] - evolves

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|7VbrdplVRLw}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
--->>>

The Occupy movement grew suddenly and sustained longer than was first imagined. But now that the Occupy movement is shutting down for the winter, what will it be remembered for? One of their main rallying cries is “ we are 99%”. It's a reference to this fact. Taking the entire population of the U.S. you will find that merely 1% own nearly 50% of all our wealth and with wealth comes power and more wealth. In fact you will see that the wealthiest 1% of Americans over the last 40 years have grown increasingly wealthier and wealthier while the remaining 99% stay relatively stagnant. And while the 1% have been gaining more power they haven’t always used it for the good of society. Okay then, regardless if you see this as a problem or not, what remains confusing for some people and plain frustrated to others is that nobody knows what Occupiers really want. Even the Occupiers themselves seem to have different reasons for occupying making people think that they're just being immature. Movements should have a very clear goal, like “ let's elect this president” or “let's create these laws”. But the Occupy movement is different. It seems to be saying things like “let's pay attention to this issue” “let's have a conversation” “let's listen to each other, especially the marginalized and see how we can agree”. It doesn’t have one charismatic leader but is decentralized. It doesn’t have one plain agenda but thousands and thousands of voices connecting together. It is much like the difference between a typical model of top-down power in the way the internet works. So it seems that Occupy Wall Street is an internet era movement. You see what most people don’t understand is that Occupy Wall Street is not acting like 20th century politics but instead it seems to be prototyping something new and we will continue to see how it evolves.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about the experience you had on the protests that happened in June. If you didn't go, talk about your point of view. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:Should You Skip Christmas?

2013-12-03T11:49:51Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you think it's necessary to celebrate Christmas? Why?
# Are all holidays so important in order to be celebrateed?
# Which is your favorite holiday? Why?
# Do you agree that if we don't celebrate Christmas we can get upset or disapointed?
# In your point of view, is it important to celebrate the holidays? Why?
# Why are some of the holidays so important for the society?
# Why do the holidays exist?
# Do you think people create holidays in order to have days off at work school, etc?
# Is the economy stimulating the creation or maintenance of the holidays? Why?
# Which holiday should exist to be celebrated that doesn't so far? Why?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}absolutely{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}absolutely t] - absolutely
:*[{{dic}}ignore{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}ignore t] - ignore
:*[{{dic}}hop{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hop t] - hop
:*[{{dic}}therapist{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}therapist t] - therapist
:*[{{dic}}practice{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}practice t] - practice
:*[{{dic}}admit{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}admit t] - admit
:*[{{dic}}lack{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}lack t] - lack
:*[{{dic}}skip{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}skip t] - skip
:*[{{dic}}unstable{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}unstable t] - unstable
:*[{{dic}}provide{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}provide t] - provide
:*[{{dic}}predictability{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}predictability t] - predictability
:*[{{dic}}otherwise{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}otherwise t] - otherwise
:*[{{dic}}bewildering{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}bewildering t] - bewildering
:*[{{dic}}frightening{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}frightening t] - frightening
:*[{{dic}}overwhelming{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}overwhelming t] - overwhelming
:*[{{dic}}unpredictable{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}unpredictable t] - unpredictable
:*[{{dic}}random{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}random t] - random
:*[{{dic}}huge{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}huge t] - huge
:*[{{dic}}childhood{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}childhood t] - childhood
:*[{{dic}}distressed{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}distressed t] - distressed

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|uk_kUfZMk1g}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
--->>>
Here comes Santa Claus!
It's that time of the year again and…<br>
There is absolutely no way to escape the fact that the winter holidays are happening in America. <br>
That's right you can't ignore it, even if you wanted to…<br>
Short of hopping on a plane and going to an island where they never heard of American culture. <br>
And that's why I was having this conversation with Dr. Marie Hartwell Walker. <br>
I'm psychologist and family therapist and I've been in practice for almost 35 years. <br>
And she's written on the importance of the holidays for families. Although, she is the first to admit tha the winter holidays can be really toxic for a lot of people. <br>
If I go home for Christmas, will dad get drunk again? Will mom be, hmm, at me again about my weight or my grades or my, hmm, lack of having whatever, enough children, too many dogs, I don’t know. <br>
So, since I was talking with a professional I thought I would ask, “Is it dangerous to just, I don’t know, skip the holidays … take a break?” <br>
I don’t think it's dangerous to skip the holidays, but I think it is a missed opportunity. Our lives can be so unstable. Life changes day after day after day and traditions, provide some predictability in an otherwise unpredictable world. So just think of yourself as a small child, and how many new things might happen within the course of a day. And some of those experiences may be confusing or bewildering or even frightening. And some of those new experiences can be wonderful but can also be overwhelming. So, the nighttime ritual usually it's something like dinner, bath, hmm, story time drink and the stories are two or three favorites right? <br>
Yeah<br>
Give them something solid that they can hold onto in an otherwise very unpredictable world. And, that's important stuff it's helping the child pull together all of that random new stuff and make some sense of it. <br>
So if we're talking about Christmas, we're really talking about one huge tradition. We do the tree, we get presents, we sing these carols, we go to this event. And these traditions give us some predictability that lets us pause and makes sense of our lives. <br>
You go home, mom makes the same cookies she has always made. You have the same turkey or roast beef you always had. <br>
Right, but what if you don’t have good childhood memories? <br>
Those winter holidays can be an opportunity to set something new in motion, and I really encourage the people who are distressed about the holidays to think about what they would like to have happen. What piece of that wish that you always had as a kid can you, in fact, uh, do now that you're the grown up? Because we can.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about what Christmas tradition that you do. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:How to Take Great Notes

2013-12-03T11:43:01Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# What's the most effective way to learn in your point of view?
# Are you used to taking notes during classes?
# When you take notes, what information do you write down? Do you read them later?
# Do you think these notes might help later? Why?
# When you read books, do you take notes of them? If so, what kind?
# What methods do you use to remember vocabulary better?
# When learning, what is your best skill: viewing, listening or synesthetic?
# Is there any formula that a person can learn things fast?
# What contributes to a good memory?
# Have you ever taken a note and it really helped you afterwards? What was it for?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}average{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}average t] - average
:*[{{dic}}bottom{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}bottom t] - bottom
:*[{{dic}}fail{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fail t] - fail
:*[{{dic}}proven{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}proven t] - proven
:*[{{dic}}inefficient{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}inefficient t] - inefficient
:*[{{dic}}simply{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}simply t] - simply
:*[{{dic}}pick{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pick t] - pick
:*[{{dic}}concept{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}concept t] - concept
:*[{{dic}}binder{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}binder t] - binder
:*[{{dic}}capture{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}capture t] - capture
:*[{{dic}}pose{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pose t] - pose
:*[{{dic}}deep{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}deep t] - deep
:*[{{dic}}grudge{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}grudge t] - grudge
:*[{{dic}}establish{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}establish t] - establish
:*[{{dic}}template{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}template t] - template
:*[{{dic}}comprehension{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}comprehension t] - comprehension
:*[{{dic}}raise{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}raise t] - raise
:*[{{dic}}soon{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}soon t] - soon
:*[{{dic}}ensure{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}ensure t] - ensure
:*[{{dic}}tip{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}tip t] - tip

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|UAhRf3U50lM}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
The average student takes notes at a rate of one-third of the word per second. The average teacher speaks about two to three words per second. Bottom line, if you're trying to copy down everything your teacher is saying when he throws on about Shakespeare. You're going to fall seriously behind. Note taking is an important skill in and out of school you can make the difference between passing and failing a test, excelling at a job or even enjoying a complicated movie. And most of us don’t do it well. <br>
Welcome to Wellcast. We took a viewer suggestion for this week's episode, the art of note-taking. We're going to give you a three-step method for taking notes that will actually help you learn. Numerous studies over the years have proven what's already pretty obvious. People who take notes remember the material better than those who don’t. But how much better? A 1970 study by development psychologist Michael Howe, found the students were seven times more likely to remember facts one week after hearing them if they took notes. But here's the thing most people don’t know how to take notes. We're taught from a very young age that when the teacher starts delivering a load of information, for example, Shakespeare describe, Romeo and Juliet's love star crossed. And we should start writing down as much as what they say it's possible. This is an incredibly inefficient way to take notes. Why? You're not actually learning anything, you're simply acting as a human audio recorder. A recorder by the way that only picks one out of ten words. And you're saving the learning for later. When you have an even less complete lesson plan to look over.<br>
Note-taking should actually act as a form of learning. Something that helps you work your way through the lesson as the teachers giving it, so that when you leave the classroom already understand the concepts. So how do you do that? We have a three-step method for taking the kind of notes that forced you to learn the material inside the classroom and not out. Pause and print the sheet and put it in your binder ready for your next class. Finished? Ok let's go.<br><br>
Step 1: Don’t write down facts, write down conclusions! Don’t worry about capturing every single thing your teacher is saying. Spend more time listening trying to understand the lecture. When you do start writing format your notes as a series of questions posed by the teacher's lecture and your own answers. For example, question what's the central theme in Romeo and Juliet? Inclusion, more than being a love and tragic story, Romeo and Juliet is about the consequences of deeply held grudges. This way you're recording the importance of what the teacher is saying not just raw facts. When you do need to include data, add only the most important points under each question. This is the evidence or each question's answer. <br><br>
Ste 2: Use colored pens. Yeah, that's right. This will help you remember your notes visually. Also, if you establish a set template for your notes, we'll be able to take them more efficiently. Write questions in red, definitions in blue, conclusions in green.<br><br>
Step 3 - Review your notes, don’t re-learn them. Spend at least ten minutes organizing your notes after class. You want to test your comprehension, try teaching the material to a classmate. This would be a great marker to see if, you've actually learned anything. <br><br>
Note-taking is a valuable life skill that doesn’t lose its utility when you graduate. Try to raise in a great note-taking in your daily life, you'll soon find yourself in the exclusive and creative group of people who bring out their most keens in lectures, movies and etc.<br>
Alright Wellcasters, let's recap! Today we learned how to take notes in a way that ensures you learn the material during class time and not after. First write down your conclusion instead of a barrage of facts. Second, use your questions to make connections and third, spend ten minutes going over these notes at the end of the class and if you should choose, try going over these notes by teaching them to a classmate or a friend. Hey, who was that lady? Uh, ok. Did these tips help? Let us know, or if you have a wellness topic that you'd like to see covered. Do this in email, we love to see your notes!

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about the last time you took note of something. What was it about? How much information do you still remember? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:How to Stop Procrastinating

2013-12-03T11:38:52Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# What's the meaning of procrastination?
# Why do people procrastinate?
# What kinds of things do you put off doing?
# When is it good to procrastinate?
# When is it really bad to procrastinate?
# Do you become impatient when you have to wait in a long line?
# What distracts you the most when you have to do things?
# What kinds of things do people often forget?
# What can procrastinators do to change their lives?
# Do you think that Facebook is one of the biggest reasons for procrastination? Is there something else?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}suppose{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}suppose t] - suppose
:*[{{dic}}due{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}due t] - due
:*[{{dic}}stinky{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}stinky t] - stinky
:*[{{dic}}pile{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pile t] - pile
:*[{{dic}}lecture{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}lecture t] - lecture
:*[{{dic}}procrastination{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}procrastination t] - procrastination
:*[{{dic}}wrangle{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}wrangle t] - wrangle
:*[{{dic}}deadline{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}deadline t] - deadline
:*[{{dic}}bite{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}bite t] - bite
:*[{{dic}}reward{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}reward t] - reward
:*[{{dic}}manageable{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}manageable t] - manageable
:*[{{dic}}daunting{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}daunting t] - daunting
:*[{{dic}}goblins{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}goblins t] - goblins
:*[{{dic}}release{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}release t] - release
:*[{{dic}}snappy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}snappy t] - snappy
:*[{{dic}}require{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}require t] - require
:*[{{dic}}maneuver{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}maneuver t] - maneuver
:*[{{dic}}crew{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}crew t] - crew
:*[{{dic}}mast{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}mast t] - mast
:*[{{dic}}hamper{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hamper t] - hamper
:*[{{dic}}though{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}though t] - though

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|Qvcx7Y4caQE}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Alright, let's be honest. Is there something else you're supposed to be doing right now? Give a paper due in ten hours. Is there a stinky pile of laundry slowly inching its way across your bedroom floor? You should be doing those things but instead you're here listening to me lecture you on the youtube. Wait, wait, wait, wait, don’t go away just yet. The next five minutes will be the most productive bit of procrastination you have done all day. And you're not the only one procrastinating. Thanks to a suggestion by one of our viewers today's episode of Wellcast is going to bring you a three-step program to wrangle your monster of procrastination in the submission. About twenty percent of the population identifies themselves as chronic procrastinators. People who constantly put off the things that they really need to do. And that is because procrastination is about lying to yourself. You know telling yourself, uh, I'll have plenty of time to finish that paper tomorrow, when you know you are way behind.<br>
In a recent study, two groups of university studies were assigned to write three papers in three weeks. Group A was given the opportunity to turn in all three papers in at any point during those three weeks. Group B on the other hand had strict weekly deadlines for each paper. Ultimately, the ones who did best on the papers were the ones that given the strict deadlines. Group A the students who have picked their own deadlines, they did pretty poorly. Clearly, humans are not the best at regulating themselves. So, when it comes to procrastination, you have to trick yourself into getting the job done. And this brings us to our Wellcast three-step method for stopping procrastination. Please pause and print out your worksheet at watchwellcast.com. Ok, are you ready?<br><br>
Step 1: Eat an elephant. Hey, how do you eat an elephant? One bite at a time. Look what I'm saying is: you need time to digest or you're gonna make yourself sick. Reward yourself for getting through parts of the project rather than waiting to reward yourself after the whole thing is over. Ok procrastinator, think about that one project that you really need to get done. But calm down, instead of letting it overwhelm you, organized that project into small bite size, manageable segments. Think about what needs to get done and write down what you're going to be doing to tackle this project, hour by hour. And make it specific by breaking down this giant project into smaller tasks. This elephant will become a lot less daunting.<br><br>
Step 2: Pick off the itsy bitsy goblins, instead of going for the whole dragon. The hardest part about starting any project is always starting the project. A good way to get around this is to start a project off with the task you like the best. Listen when you do something that you like, your brain releases dopamines which makes you happy. Maybe it's decorating the cover of a reporter, writing a snappy intro into an otherwise incredibly boring paper. <br><br>
Step 3: Ignore the Siren's songs Seriously. This step is straight out of * epic poem The Odyssey. In The Odyssey a protagonist Ulysses is trying to get home. Unfortunately this requires maneuverings through* water were sailor are often * under the rocks by creatures called Sirens. Instead of giving up, Ulysses instructs his crew to tie him to the mast of his ship and for all of them to plug their ears. No matter how much he yells and screams the head towards the beautiful Sirens. The sailors must keep on track. We're not saying that you need actually to tie yourself up for anything. But you should plan to clear any distractions that will hamper your ability to procrastinate later. For example, if you're a sucker for Facebook or online video games, have your parents or your roommates change the internet password to keep you on track for studying. The less temptations you give into or have the ability to give in to, the better will be at As* in that exam. <br><br>
Ok kids, let's recap! The best way to get around procrastination is to trick yourself into doing the work. It's true though. We recommend that you do this in one of three ways. Number one, breaking your tasks into segments, in other words you got have to eat that elephant. Number two, start with the most enjoyable part of the project. Go through those itsy bitsy goblins. And number three, avoid that Siren song. Clear out those distractions so you can get the job done. And these tips helped? Leave us a message below or email us at watchwellcast.com
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about a situation that you've gone through procrastinating a task you had and because of it you've missed the deadline. Which excuses did you give to yourself? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:How to Sleep Better

2013-12-03T11:32:45Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# How easy is it for you to sleep?
# Can you sleep anywhere?
# What do you do when you can't get to sleep easily?
# What keeps you awake at night? (e.g. worrying too much about stuff, too much coffee, your partner's snoring, your neighbors' parties, an uncomfortable bed, a hot summer)
# Do the problems in your life interfere you while you go to bed? How much?
# How many hours do you sleep at night? Is it sufficient?
# Do you manage to sleep as much as you need? If not, why not?
# How good/bad is your bedroom set for you to sleep?
# What contributes to a good night's sleep?
# Do you think the life we live nowadays is responsible for these nights without sleeping? Why?
# Do you take naps during the day? For how long?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}awake{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}awake t] - awake
:*[{{dic}}sheep{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}sheep t] - sheep
:*[{{dic}}groggy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}groggy t] - groggy
:*[{{dic}}blood{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}blood t] - blood
:*[{{dic}}pressure{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pressure t] - pressure
:*[{{dic}}lead{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}lead t] - lead
:*[{{dic}}awesome{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}awesome t] - awesome
:*[{{dic}}schedule{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}schedule t] - schedule
:*[{{dic}}neurotic{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}neurotic t] - neurotic
:*[{{dic}}hangover{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hangover t] - hangover
:*[{{dic}}toss{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}toss t] - toss
:*[{{dic}}trick{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}trick t] - trick
:*[{{dic}}unplug{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}unplug t] - unplug

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|3eLfn7Ewx_s}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Fifty-one sheep, fifty-two sheep, fifty three sheep, oh! Why am I still awake? Oh well, at least it's only… three a.m.!!! We've all been there, ahhh. Getting quality sleep is easier said than done, so today we're going to show you how sleep is tied to your physical and mental health. We're also gonna show you five easy ways to get that refreshing sleep that you need. Uh… we all know that we feel groggy and slow when we don’t get enough sleep, but that's not the only affect lack of sleep has on our bodies. In our episode on sleeping creativity, we told you that not getting enough sleep over an extended period of time can lead to high blood pressure, which can also lead to heart attacks and aneurysms. But it's not always easy to try to get that good quality sleep. Some nights you stay awake worrying about that presentation you have to give first thing in the morning and then some nights you just can't get comfortable, and then other nights you fall asleep just fine, but then you wake up every fifteen minutes worrying that you're gonna miss the bus. Alright, there is no one way to guarantee that you're gonna get awesome sleep. But we do have five easy tips and tricks to help you get on the path towards good sleep hygiene.<br>

Step 1: Develop a relaxing bed time ritual.<br>

When you think about it we all learn to sleep by routine. When we were really little our parents gave us baths, read us books, tucked us in, got us an extra glass of water, all in the name of good sleep. Now that you're older, you're gonna have to develop a routine of your own. Whether it's a cup of decaff tea and a chapter from a book or a bath, then fifteen minutes of … yoga. Of course there are some activities that should be kept out of a bedtime ritual. Don’t drink alcohol before bed, it might help you fall asleep but chances are you'll wake up in the middle of the night. Don’t exercise two hours before bedtime, sure, it gets your blood flowing but it'll wimp you out mentally.<br>

Step 2: Maintain a regular sleep and wake schedule.<br>

Now, you don’t have to wake up at exactly 7:02 and go to bed at 10:53 every night. That's a bit on the neurotic side. But, do try to wake up and go to bed at generally the same time six days a week. According to doctors at Harvard University, this will help set your internal clock, so that even on those rare days when your schedule is thrown off, you'll be able to get right back on track and avoid what doctors call: a sleep hangover.<br>

Step 3: Stop watching your clock.<br>

Studies show that people who constantly look at their clock are less likely to fall sleep easily. Why? When they're thinking "it's eleven-o-three, I have to be up in six hours and fifty seven minutes". It stresses you out. So try to keep some distance between you and that alarm clock. That way, those blinking numbers will quit knocking you and you'll sleep easier.
Step 4: Create an optimal sleep environment.
A male clinic study found that people sleep best in dark quiet cool environments. With all the benefits of sleep, it's worth investing in black out blinds, comfortable ear plugs and a fair air conditioning. The more comfortable you are physically, ahhh, the better you'll sleep.

Step 5: Unplug.<br>

Make your bedroom a tech-free zone. I know, but research shows that electronics interfere sleep because it's easy to get distracted by them. Checking your email right before bed could add more stress. Watching TV or movies makes it harder to sleep and getting sucked in to say: "pinterest"? Right before bed? Could keep you up for hours, ouh, I like that, I like that too, oh that's pretty!
Let's recap, today we learned a few more reasons why you need good sleep. We also taught you five simple ways to help you improve your sleep health. Next time you step tossing and turning, try to develop a ritual, maintain a schedule, stop clock watching, trick your bedroom out or unplug. It could help. From all of us here at well cast, sweet dreams!
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about a really bad night of sleep you had and what you did to overcome this terrible night. How was the day after? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:How to Lose Weight: The Real Math Behind Weight Loss

2013-12-03T11:27:16Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Have you ever been on a diet?
# What is the best way to diet?
# Do you think dieting can be dangerous? Why?
# Do you think protein is important in a balanced diet?
# What is a good source of protein?
# What are the most efficient ways to loose weight?
# Is obesity a great problem in where you live?
# What is the difference between diet and a healthy diet?
# Do you think people are in general gaining weight or loosing weight?
# Is there a difference between being thin and being healthy? Which one is better?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}fatty{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fatty t] - fatty
:*[{{dic}}flesh{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}flesh t] - flesh
:*[{{dic}}weird{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}weird t] - weird
:*[{{dic}}quite{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}quite t] - quite
:*[{{dic}}burn{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}burn t] - burn
:*[{{dic}}pound{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pound t] - pound
:*[{{dic}}actually{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}actually t] - actually
:*[{{dic}}leak{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}leak t] - leak
:*[{{dic}}bucket{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}bucket t] - bucket
:*[{{dic}}tissue{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}tissue t] - tissue
:*[{{dic}}rate{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}rate t] - rate
:*[{{dic}}steady{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}steady t] - steady
:*[{{dic}}scales{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}scales t] - scales
:*[{{dic}}mass{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}mass t] - mass
:*[{{dic}}once{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}once t] - once
:*[{{dic}}creep*up{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}creep%20up t] - creep up
:*[{{dic}}marathon{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}marathon t] - marathon
:*[{{dic}}sprint{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}sprint t] - sprint

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|GGP3NbP7O2w}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Ok, so imagine one pound of your own fatty flesh. <br><br>
Dr.C: If you burn that amount of flesh, and that sounds kind of, you know, weird, but if you were to convert that into energy, you would get about 3,500 Calories, which is quite a lot of energy.<br><br>
That is me talking with Dr. Carson Chow, an M.I.T. trained physicist and mathematician and he is explaining to me why we should care how much energy fat has. <br><br>
Dr.C: In order for you to live and function, you need to burn energy to, like, keep your heart beating, all your organs going and just to move around. <br><br>
But energy doesn’t come for free. So if you aren't consuming enough calories you are going to burn that energy with your own fat. So a lot of diet books like to teach people this rule, but the problem is it's wrong. And here is why.<br><br>
Dr.C: Let's say I eat 500 calories less a day. So after 1 week it would be 3,500 calories, and I would lose a pound, right? Because I'd have to burn it.<br><br>
Yeah, and if I stayed on this diet for a year I'd burn through 52 pounds.
Dr.C: It'd be great! If you keep taking this thing well, after 2 years I'd lose 104, and after 10 years I`d lose 500 pounds, you know? So obviously, at some point this rule is going to break down. It will actually break down before you get to a year. <br><br>
So to understand the real math behind losing weight, Dr. Chow wanted me to imagine a leaky bucket.<br><br>
Dr. C: You have some water in the bucket and that's the amount of body fat or tissue in your body. <br><br>
And the leak represents the rate at which you are burning energy. <br><br>
Dr. C: Well, in reality what you are doing is adding water at the top, that's like eating food. And when you are in steady state the amount of water you add at the top exactly balances the amount of water you lose at the bottom. If you're pouring in more water than it is leaking then you are going to gain weight. <br><br>
Now if you think about the physics of a leaky bucket, the more water that you pour into the bucket, the faster it's gonna leak.<br><br>
Dr. C: So your leak rate scales with how big you are. And this is a well-known fact, that the larger you are, the more energy you burn. You're going to burn more energy because it takes more energy just to move a larger mass. You have more tissue and just to keep that tissue going it takes more energy. <br><br>
Congratulations, you have a new steady state. But let's say you don’t want to stay this large person that you've become. Well, the opposite is true, as well. You can pour in a lot less water than you're leaking. But…<br><br>
Dr.C: AS you start to lose weight you start to get smaller and you burn less energy and you start to metabolically adapt to your new diet. <br><br>
And so you're never going to lose weight at one constant rate. It is always going to curve from one steady state down to another. Which means…<br><br>
Dr.C: When you go on a diet, the 3,500 calorie rule is the wrong rule.<br><br>
There is a new rule. Wait for it…<br><br>
Dr.C: The new rule is, for every ten calories you eat less, you lose a pound. But it will take you about three years or more to see the full affect of your diet, which is still pretty good. All you have to do is eat a hundred calories less, you lose ten pounds. That's like a can of Coke. So you should expect the diet be extremely slow. <br><br>
Right, but nobody wants a slow diet. We all want to lose 20 pounds for this summer. What's wrong with just focusing on losing weight rapidly?<br><br>
Dr.C.: The problem is once you are down at that new weight they have to be vigilant for the rest of their life. Because losing weight is slow, gaining weight is also slow. But it slowly creeps up, and then two or three years later, bang, it hits them, and they're back where they were. So the mathematically approved rule for weight loss: for every 10 calories I don’t eat a day I'll eventually lose one full pound. Which means changing your steady state is a marathon and not a sprint.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs explaining any type of diet that you've heard about. It could be a really good one or one of those 'magic formulas'. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:How Pets Improve Your Mood

2013-12-03T11:22:47Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you like pets? What is your favorite animal?
# Do you have a pet? What is it? Where did you get it from?
# What does it look like (color, breed, etc.)?
# If not, would you ever consider getting a pet? Why?
# What are the pros and cons of keeping a pet?
# What is the best pet to own? Why?
# What kind of joy do pets bring to people?
# Do you think it's difficult to teach tricks to pets? Why?
# What can children learn by having a pet?
# What's the strangest animal you've ever seen as a pet?
# Why do some people not like pets?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}brutal{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}brutal t] - brutal
:*[{{dic}}punctuated{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}punctuated t] - punctuated
:*[{{dic}}grueling{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}grueling t] - grueling
:*[{{dic}}jello{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}jello t] - jello
:*[{{dic}}mush{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}mush t] - mush
:*[{{dic}}fluffy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fluffy t] - fluffy
:*[{{dic}}feathery{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}feathery t] - feathery
:*[{{dic}}pet{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pet t] - pet
:*[{{dic}}ailments{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}ailments t] - ailments
:*[{{dic}}pat{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pat t] - pat
:*[{{dic}}beloved{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}beloved t] - beloved
:*[{{dic}}measure{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}measure t] - measure
:*[{{dic}}mellow{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}mellow t] - mellow
:*[{{dic}}households{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}households t] - households
:*[{{dic}}straightforward{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}straightforward t] - straightforward
:*[{{dic}}weird{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}weird t] - weird
:*[{{dic}}shelter{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}shelter t] - shelter

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|4QWu1OJCmMA}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
It's the end of the day and you are exhausted. You had a brutal day of classes punctuated by the world's most grueling workout. Your muscles fell like jello and your brain feels like mush. Oh, on a day like this nothing can make you feel better. Or can it? Actually, there is something that can: It's fluffy and playful and it has four legs. Or maybe it's feathery with two legs. That's right! You've guessed it: On today's Wellcast we are talking about pets! And how they can actually improve your mood and your health. Hey, we're not telling you to just go out and buy a pet. Instead, we're gonna teach you why spending time with cute little fuzzy animals will actually improve your mental and physical health. We'll also help you figure out how to spend time with animals even if you can't have a pet of your own. <br><br>
So what can spending time with a pet do for you? A study published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine in jolly old England found that dog owners, cat owners and owners of fluffy little hamsters generally found that minor ailments improved when they spent time with their pets. Furthermore: A study by the American Heart Association found that people's blood pressure drops significantly by merely patting animals. This could be any animal, not just their own beloved pets. How do we know? Well, researchers with the AMA gave forty-eight volunteers a series of difficult math problems, while measuring their blood pressure and other stress indicators. Half of them were given a temporary pet to spend time with. So, when the volunteers came back to do more incredibly difficult math problems six weeks later, those who had spent time with pets over the course of those six weeks didn’t show the kind of stress reactions that the pet-free folks had. They were more mellow, more calm, better able to think rationally about the problem than those who didn’t have any quality pet time. <br><br>
Clearly animals are awesome. But, if you're not one of the 62% of American households who have a pet, what should you do? Well, we at Wellcast have got a couple of suggestions for you.<br><br>
Pause and print out our PDF at watchwellcast.com. Got it? Awesome<br>
This worksheet will teach you our four-legged method to get you spending time with animals.<br><br>
Now, leg one of our worksheet: Brainstorm! This is pretty straightforward: Think of all the friends in your circle and think of all the pets that they have. Next, make a list of your top five favorite pets. It sounds silly, but don’t worry: We have another leg for this.<br><br>
Leg two: Reach out. Call up your friends and ask how you could get involved with their pet life. Don’t forget: Pets are a big responsibility and everybody needs help time to time. So if you ask them if you could walk the dog once a week or maybe be the first person that they call when they go on vacation, it won't be that weird. <br><br>
Leg three: Volunteer. Another great way to get quality animal time in is to volunteer at your local animal shelter. Not only are you going to be connecting with your community, but you'll be connecting with a wonderful little puppy or kitten or something else that needs some TLC and on top of all of that, you'll be lowering your blood pressure and stress as well. Not sure how to start? Check out this national registry of animal shelters or look up a shelter on Google. Write down their contact information on our worksheet and then give them a call. .<br><br>
Leg four: Schedule. Once you've arranged the time to volunteer at a shelter, schedule your quality pet dates around that. So, call a Buster's person, Suggs' person, Fluffy's person and schedule some quality pet time. Try for an hour a week just to start.<br><br>
To recap: Today on Wellcast, we taught you why spending some time with your favorite non-human cuddlery friend was actually beneficial to your health. We also taught you a four-legged method to get you to spend some animal quality time of your own, even if you don’t have a pet at home. After spending some time with pets, how do you feel?

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about: 1 - If you have a pet, tell us what is so cute abut your little animal. 2 - If you don't have one, talk about any experience you've had with them before. It can be a good or a bad one. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:How Oil Prices Affect the Economy

2013-12-03T11:14:50Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# How important do you think oil is in our lives?
# Do you understand why all the economy spins around oil?
# In the world we live today, do you agree that everybody is oil dependent? Why?
# Should prices be totally related to the oil consuming? Why?
# What's your point of view about the wars related to the oil possesion?
# Do you think the oil explored will finish one day? Are we gonna see it or only other generations?
# Have you ever heard about the Second Industrial Revolution?
# Which are other alternative ways of substituting oil?
# Nowadays people are trying to be 'green', give some examples of what this means.
# When possible, do you substitute your car for a bike, walk, etc?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}strong{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}strong t] - strong
:*[{{dic}}struggle{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}struggle t] - struggle
:*[{{dic}}freak{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}freak t] - freak
:*[{{dic}}deal{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}deal t] - deal
:*[{{dic}}oil{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}oil t] - oil
:*[{{dic}}abundant{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}abundant t] - abundant
:*[{{dic}}resource{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}resource t] - resource
:*[{{dic}}crude{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}crude t] - crude
:*[{{dic}}byproduct{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}byproduct t] - byproduct
:*[{{dic}}waste{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}waste t] - waste
:*[{{dic}}grow{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}grow t] - grow
:*[{{dic}}fuel{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fuel t] - fuel
:*[{{dic}}ton{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}ton t] - ton
:*[{{dic}}arguably{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}arguably t] - arguably
:*[{{dic}}peak{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}peak t] - peak
:*[{{dic}}suck{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}suck t] - suck
:*[{{dic}}barrel{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}barrel t] - barrel
:*[{{dic}}lifeblood{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}lifeblood t] - lifeblood
:*[{{dic}}collapses{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}collapses t] - collapses
:*[{{dic}}rely{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}rely t] - rely

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|j9OtQv5eH4w}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
You know, it seems like every time the economy starts to get stronger, oil prices go up. Way up. And then the economy struggles again. So what's the deal with freaking oil? Well you see, oil used to be a cheap and abundant resource. So much so that crude oil created a byproduct called gasoline, which at one point was just considered waste. <br>
So we designed engines to run off that gas. And this was the beginning of what we call the Second Industrial Revolution, and it's a time of great economic growth. It made it so that most of our transportation and distribution of goods is depended on oil. 35% of United States energy comes from oil. We also grow our food and petrochemicals made from oil. Construction materials are made from oil. In fact, Americans consume petroleum products at a rate of 3.5 gallons of oil per day. And that's not just in fuel. Here's a list of other things that we use that are made from oil. <br>
Now, here's the problem: while there used to be plenty of oil that was easy to get, today we've used a lot of it. But don’t tell those tree-hugging, Earth-is-your-mother kind of people freak out on you, because there's still a ton of oil left in the ground. In fact, arguably we haven't even hit peak oil yet. Meaning that there's still more oil left in the earth than what we've taken out. <br>
But here's the thing: Human population is growing rapidly and certain countries like China and India, who are largely responsible for putting so many new people on this planet, are becoming industrialized and using more and more oil. So while there's lots of oil left to be sucked out of the earth, there's more and more people consuming that oil. So in the early 1900s when we first discovered oil, the amount of oil available per person was growing steadily until 1979. You see BP discovered in a study that it was that year that the amount of oil available per person on the planet peaked. And ever since then has been going down just as fast as it went up. In fact, for the past few decades we consume 3.5 barrels of oil for every new barrel we find. So because of population growth, oil is going to become less abundant and harder to get to… unless we could find a backup planet. <br>
So here's the real problem: when the economy is humming, we're producing more, buying more, transporting more. So in turn, we use more oil, which makes the price go up, and since our economy is based off of oil, the price of everything goes up. Which means the amount of things we can afford to buy goes down, and that makes the economy slow down again. <br>
In fact, every time we try to work ourselves out of a recession, we bring the price of oil back up with us, because it's the lifeblood of our economy. So remember in July of 2008 when oil hit U$150 per barrel? Well that seems to be about as high as our economy can handle before everything collapses. If we really want to see our economy prosper again like before, we can't rely anymore on the Second Industrial Revolution. What we need is to build a new economy that's not dependent on oil. What we need is a New Industrial Revolution.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about the possibility or not of people live without using oil in their lives. Is there any other solution? Which? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]
[[Category:Transcript done]]

Lesson:Dealing with Jealousy

2013-12-03T11:08:22Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you consider yourself a jealous person? Why? Why not?
# What can people do because of jealousy?
# Do you think jealousy is part of a good relationship? Why?
# Some people say that jealousy is a demonstration of love, do you agree? Why?
# What can people be jealous of?
# Are you more jealous with your personal objects or your relationships?
# Why do the possession feelings sometimes dominate people more than anything else?
# Is there any secret to handle jealousy?
# Can jealousy ruin a relationship? How?
# Do you agree that everyone is a bit jealous at some moments in life? Why?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}knot{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}knot t] - knot
:*[{{dic}}stomach{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}stomach t] - stomach
:*[{{dic}}threaten{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}threaten t] - threaten
:*[{{dic}}inecurity{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}inecurity t] - inecurity
:*[{{dic}}argument{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}argument t] - argument
:*[{{dic}}hazard{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}hazard t] - hazard
:*[{{dic}}anxiety{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}anxiety t] - anxiety
:*[{{dic}}jealousy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}jealousy t] - jealousy
:*[{{dic}}regain{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}regain t] - regain
:*[{{dic}}issues{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}issues t] - issues
:*[{{dic}}statement{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}statement t] - statement
:*[{{dic}}acknowledge{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}acknowledge t] - acknowledge
:*[{{dic}}embarassing{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}embarassing t] - embarassing

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|1rcqwRgVvvw}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<br>It's that knot in your stomach! That mix of fear and anxiety that materializes when you feel threatened by someone prettier than you, smarter than you. It can cause you to do something pretty stupid - sitcom level stuff - just to regain control. Things that usually hurt other people too. You're probably familiar with this feeling, it's what Shakespeare called The Green-Eyed Monster. Today we're talking about jealousy.
<br>Here is the thing kids: Jealousy is a distinctly first person emotion. It almost always comes from a place of insecurity, which you ultimately project on others. The bottom line: Jealousy isn’t about the other person, it's about you!
<br>Today at Wellcast we're gonna help you work through these insecurities, so that your friends and your loved ones don't get caught in the cross fire. We'll give you three coping mechanisms to help you keep that jealousy from taking complete control of your life, ruining your relationships and making you look totally stupid. I know you felt that viselike grip from the Green-Eyed Monster, because you're not alone, it happens to everyone. Studies show that children as young as six months grimace when their mothers interact with a dummy baby. It's pretty much the occupational hazard of belonging to the human race. We wanna be loved and we do not wanna be ignored. Unfortunately, long after we've outgrown our diapers we still become a little child-like when we are jealous.
<br>Jealousy tends to come with a specific set of blinders and, the more jealous we are, the less able we are to, let's say, empathize with others. For example, a study conducted by the researchers of the University of Delaware found that jealous people were more easily distracted and less able to perform simple memory games. So, let's try to figure out how to get your jealousy issues under control.
<br>Take out your Wellcast journal. We've got a three step system for this and it's simple: acknowledge; communicate; and resolve. So the next time you're in a situation where you're experiencing those extreme jealous thoughts, go into a separate room, take out your Wellcast journal and calm down.

<br>Step 1: Acknowledge
<br>Admit it, you're jealous and you can't run from your feelings. But by addressing your jealousy head on, you can keep it from taking on epic unrealistic proportions. Write down exactly what's making you jealous and why. Let's say you've just found out that your two best friends didn’t invite you to that movie that they caught last week. Put it out: "My friends are hanging out without me, I'm scared they'll stop being my friends". It's ok to be a little dramatic, it's just your journal.
<br>Step 2: Communicate
<br>Now that all of your embarrassing thoughts are all on paper, go get the real story. Don’t have an imaginary argument with your friends in your head, it's only gonna make things worse. Tell them how you feel about what happened. Be vulnerable and apologize to them if you've overreacted in anyway, because you might have. Make it clear that you're expressing your feelings and not stating facts. Speak in “I” statements, I feel like you didn’t want to hang out with me because you're tired of me. That's your insecurity. At a certain point the only way to get over your jealousy is to stop thinking about yourself all the time and see someone else's point of view.
<br>Step 3: Resolve.
<br>And this will be the hardest part for you because, now you'll have to listen. Your friends might tell that you're overreacting and they might be right. "We know you don’t like horror movies so we didn’t think to invite you."
<br>Let's recap? That big bad green-eyed monster gets all of us sometimes. But today, we learned three ways to keep it at bay. By acknowledging your own insecurities, communicating with others and ultimately: listening.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a short article about a jealousy scene you've witnessed or gone through. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Be a More Confident Public Speaker

2013-12-03T11:00:18Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Are you used to speaking in public?
# Why do you think most people get nervous when they have to speak in front of many people?
# Is public speaking an art? Why?
# Do you use or have any technique that helps you while speaking in front of many people? Tell me about it.
# Do you think cue cards help when giving a speech? What about body language?
# What's the easiest part of speaking in public? And the hardest?
# If you were to speak in public, which subject would you like to talk about? Why?
# Is there any person you admire when you see him/her speaking in public?
# Do all speeches need to have funny moments or jokes? Why?
# What would you do if you were giving a speech and suddenly your mind went blank?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}polls{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}polls t] - polls
:*[{{dic}}focus{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}focus t] - focus
:*[{{dic}}nightmare{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}nightmare t] - nightmare
:*[{{dic}}estimated{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}estimated t] - estimated
:*[{{dic}}fear{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fear t] - fear
:*[{{dic}}belong{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}belong t] - belong
:*[{{dic}}phobia{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}phobia t] - phobia
:*[{{dic}}tantamount{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}tantamount t] - tantamount
:*[{{dic}}pander{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pander t] - pander
:*[{{dic}}den{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}den t] - den
:*[{{dic}}gig{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}gig t] - gig
:*[{{dic}}footwork{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}footwork t] - footwork
:*[{{dic}}swings{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}swings t] - swings
:*[{{dic}}speech{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}speech t] - speech
:*[{{dic}}avoid{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}avoid t] - avoid
:*[{{dic}}dairy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}dairy t] - dairy
:*[{{dic}}incessantly{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}incessantly t] - incessantly
:*[{{dic}}sip{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}sip t] - sip
:*[{{dic}}composure{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}composure t] - composure

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|tShavGuo0_E}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Ok, just get up on that podium... Alright I'm here. That was easy! Now I just need a – oh my gosh! How many people are in the audience? A hundred? A thousand? Don't count! Ok, I can do this. I'm gonna focus on my notes. Where did I have them written down again? Ah, hello my - uhhhh. Ok, if this sounds like your worst nightmare, you're not alone. Actually you're one of the estimated seventy percent of the population that has an intense fear of public speaking. And that's ok, because on today's Wellcast we've got our Triple-P Method. That will get you through and get you calm during that next oral report. And keep your breakfast where it belongs. Are you ready? <br>
Many polls list public speaking as the most commonly reported phobia among Americans. It's called glossophobia meaning literally “fear of the tongue”. A study by the Texas Christian University tested forty eight women and forty eight men enrolled in a public speaking class and found that those who exhibited high-trait anxiety had the most physical symptoms of distress when speaking publicly. So what if you're the kind of person whom any bit of social acrobatics is tantamount to entering a lion's den? Hey, calm down! Ok, I'm just kidding. But seriously, calm down, alright? We've got our Triple-P method that will get you through that next public speaking gig. Pause and print this Wellcast worksheet.<br>
Step 1: Prepare, prepare, prepare!<br>
We said it three times because it's that important. There are two things that go in to being prepared: Number one, knowing your subject backwards and forwards. Two: Knowing exactly how you're gonna present it step-by-step. In your Wellcast worksheet, write down the major points that you want to get across to the audience. Get the ideas out of your head and onto the paper. In the next column to the right, start ordering these points in a logical manner. Arguing your point to the audience and winning them over as like a boxing match. First, start with some fancy footwork: A fact or an anecdote that will hook the audience in and get them to pay attention to you. Then, throw a couple of swings: Support the evidence for your arguments. Stance: Personal stories, something that will start to convince the audience that you're taking control. And finally, the Knock out: A landing blow out statement that's memorable, convincing, and sums up your speech's position.<br>
Alright Step 2: Posture and Physicality are key!<br>
Part of keeping your anxiety at bay while giving a speech is knowing what to do with your body. Before your speech, avoid large meals or dairy products, which will make you feel like you need to clean your throat incessantly. Bring a bottle of water on stage if you're allowed. Don’t be afraid to take sips throughout your speech. It'll keep your voice natural and it gives a moment to pause and regain the composure, if needed. Stand naturally not too stiff or slant. Good posture will help you breath and speak easier and it will let your audience know that you're calm and in control. <br>
Step 3: Pander to your audience.<br>
The best public speakers know how to work the room. Don’t be completely serious unless the occasion calls for it. Don’t read entirely out the cards, keep a natural cadence and pace. Throw a joke or a * and it'll draw in a laugh. If there is a silence, then turn that into a joke. Stay natural * facing and the audience will be on your side.<br>
Let's recap: You'd rather face a poisonous reptile than public speak huh? Well, follow the Wellcast triple-P checklist. Prepare extensively for your speech. Know your content backwards and forwards and figure out the absolute best way to present it and to win over your audience. Watch your posture and physicality, this includes everything from standing naturally to breathing from diaphragm and pander to your audience. Keep them in the palm of your hand and with an easy demeanor, natural cadence and of course, jokes

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs explaining a situtaion in which you needed to speak in public. What was the subject about? How did you prepare it? How many people were in the audience? And how did it go? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Anger Management Techniques

2013-12-03T10:54:00Z

Marianamarques:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you conider yourself a calm person? Why?
# When did you last get angry? What was it for?
# What are the situations that make you angry?
# What do you usually do when you get angry?
# Do you think the stress we live today is responsbile for the people's anger?
# What do you do to relieve the stress?
# Are there different types of anger?
# What are various ways people respond to anger?
# Is getting angry an effective way of dealing with problems?
# Are there better and worse ways to respond to one's own anger?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}angry{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}angry t] - angry
:*[{{dic}}shred{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}shred t] - shred
:*[{{dic}}vain{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}vain t] - vain
:*[{{dic}}inevitable{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}inevitable t] - inevitable
:*[{{dic}}punch{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}punch t] - punch
:*[{{dic}}harmful{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}harmful t] - harmful
:*[{{dic}}handy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}handy t] - handy
:*[{{dic}}dandy{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}dandy t] - dandy
:*[{{dic}}tiny{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}tiny t] - tiny
:*[{{dic}}breathing{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}breathing t] - breathing
:*[{{dic}}deep{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}deep t] - deep
:*[{{dic}}inhaling{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}inhaling t] - inhaling
:*[{{dic}}exhaling{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}exhaling t] - exhaling
:*[{{dic}}unclench{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}unclench t] - unclench
:*[{{dic}}fist{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fist t] - fist
:*[{{dic}}slump{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}slump t] - slump
:*[{{dic}}unwind{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}unwind t] - unwind
:*[{{dic}}displace{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}displace t] - displace

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|BsVq5R_F6RA}}
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After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
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==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
It doesn’t take a lot to make me angry. What about you? Did some %% cut you off on the freeway? Maybe your boyfriend accidentally shredded that birthday card your gramma sent you. So you freak out, you scream, maybe, a vain pops out of your forehead. It happens to everyone. But, did you know that anger is actually affecting your physical health? Hey, anger is inevitable. Ok, you can't just stop getting angry, even the world's most && person has ordered a few choice words in traffic. Well, that && really make you feel better? Punching a wall really calm you down? The answer is NO. Sorry but recent studies have shown that angry reactions are pretty harmful to your physical health. A Yale University study found that people with anger management issues tend to get sick more often. Their anger actually weakens their immune system. The Journal of the National Medical Association added the people who respond negatively to anger are 9% more likely to have heart attack. Hey, it might not sound like a lot but come on, it's a heart attack. Every percentage point counts. Other studies have linked anger to everything from coronary disease to high blood pressure. Now that we all know that excessive angry * bad for you. We're going to teach you how to manage that anger in four simple steps. All you're gonna need is that handy dandy Wellcast journal, a little bit of time and a tiny bit of self awareness.<br>
Step 1: Control your breathing.<br>
When something pisses you off, instead of screaming or * on the horn, take deep breaths. Spend two to three minutes breathing deeply, into your nose and out to your mouth. Imagine inhaling calm blue air and exhaling that red toxic air. <br>
Step 2: Relax your muscles. <br>
Unclench fists, make a conscious effort to loosen those shoulders in slump a little. Re-posture is awesome, but for now let those muscles unwind. I promise it'll help. <br>
Step 3: Get it out. <br>
Once you're relaxed and breathing deeply grab your Wellcast journal if it's road * thing obviously please pull over. But when you get a chance write down exactly what made you angry. <br>
Step 4: Seeking context. <br>
It's important to put your angry in the context by thinking rationally instead of emotionally. Think about it. Are you gonna be angry tomorrow? Yeah, probably. What about a week from now? Hmm, maybe. A month? Probably not. A year? I don’t think you'll remember, but by examining your angry this way you can displace yourself from it and you'll be able to process your anger without letting it taking over your life. <br>
Let's recap! You need to find a healthy way to process your anger or else you can run into some really nasty health problems. Remember to relax and breath evenly and then work * with your anger by writing it down and contextualizing it. We can't promise you won't get angry ever again but hopefully with this you found a way to deal with it a little bit better.

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==Writing practice==

Write a short article about a situtation where you really got very angry and almost/totaly lost control. How did it end? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

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[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:He Fixes Radios by Thinking!

2013-11-28T16:19:56Z

Marianamarques:

= Instructions =

===Reading comprehension===

:::The first thing you should do is read the passage. Look up the words you don't know in [http://www.dictionary.com/ www.dictionary.com]

===Reading aloud===

:::Once you understand the text, read it aloud to your teacher once. Write down the words you have difficulty pronouncing.

===Listening===

:::After reading it once and writing down the words you have difficulty with, it's time for you to listen to the recording and pay attention to the correct pronunciation.

===Practicing===

:::Now, read the text again as many times as necessary until it becomes easy for you to read it. The goal is to attain fluency in reading this specific text before you move on to a new one. You may find it useful to download the audio file into your mp3 player and listen to it outside of the classroom. This exercise may take several classes to be finished, but the goal is not to finish it quickly, but to master it completely.

= Part A =

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When I was about eleven or twelve I set up a lab in my house. It consisted of an old wooden packing box that I put shelves in. I had a heater, and I'd put in fat and cook french-fried potatoes all the time. I also had a storage battery, and a lamp bank.

To build the lamp bank I went down to the five-and-ten and got some sockets you can screw down to a wooden base, and connected them with
pieces of bell wire. By making different combinations of switches--in series or parallel--I knew I could get different voltages. But what I hadn't realized was that a bulb's resistance depends on its temperature, so the results of my calculations weren't the same as the stuff that came out of the circuit. But it was all right, and when the bulbs were in series, all half-lit, they would gloooooooooow, very pretty--it was great!

I had a fuse in the system so if I shorted anything, the fuse would blow. Now I had to have a fuse that was weaker than the fuse in the house, so I made my own fuses by taking tin foil and wrapping it around an old burnt-out fuse. Across my fuse I had a five-watt bulb, so when my fuse blew, the load from the trickle charger that was always charging the storage battery would light up the bulb. The bulb was on the switchboard behind a piece of brown candy paper (it looks red when a light's behind it)--so if something went off, I'd look up to the switchboard and there would be a big red spot where the fuse went. It was fun!

I enjoyed radios. I started with a crystal set that I bought at the store, and I used to listen to it at night in bed while I was going to sleep, through a pair of earphones. When my mother and father went out until late at night, they would come into my room and take the earphones off--and worry about what was going into my head while I was asleep.

About that time I invented a burglar alarm, which was a very simple-minded thing: it was just a big battery and a bell connected with some wire.

When the door to my room opened, it pushed the wire against the battery and closed the circuit, and the bell would go off.
One night my mother and father came home from a night out and very, very quietly, so as not to disturb the child, opened the door to come into my room to take my earphones off. All of a sudden this tremendous bell went off with a helluva racket --BONG BONG BONG BONG BONG!!! I jumped out of bed yelling, "It worked! It worked!"
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20A.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20A.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

= Part B =

{| class="prettytable"
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I had a Ford coil--a spark coil from an automobile--and I had the spark terminals at the top of my switchboard. I would put a Raytheon RH tube, which had argon gas in it, across the terminals, and the spark would make a purple glow inside the vacuum--it was just great!
One day I was playing with the Ford coil, punching holes in paper with the sparks, and the paper caught on fire. Soon I couldn't hold it any more because it was burning near my fingers, so I dropped it in a metal wastebasket which had a lot of newspapers in it. Newspapers burn fast, you know, and the flame looked pretty big inside the room. I shut the door so my mother--who was playing bridge with some friends in the living room--wouldn't find out there was a fire in my room, took a magazine that was lying nearby, and put it over the wastebasket to smother the fire.

After the fire was out I took the magazine off, but now the room began to fill up with smoke. The wastebasket was still too hot to handle, so I got a pair of pliers, carried it across the room, and held it out the window for the smoke to blow out.
But because it was breezy outside, the wind lit the fire again, and now the magazine was out of reach. So I pulled the flaming wastebasket back in through the window to get the magazine, and I noticed there were curtains in the window--it was very dangerous!

Well, I got the magazine, put the fire out again, and this time kept the magazine with me while I shook the glowing coals out of the wastepaper basket onto the street, two or three floors below. Then I went out of my room, closed the door behind me, and said to my mother, "I'm going out to play," and the smoke went out slowly through the windows.

I also did some things with electric motors and built an amplifier for a photo cell that I bought that could make a bell ring when I put my hand in front of the cell. I didn't get to do as much as I wanted to, because my mother kept putting me out all the time, to play. But I was often in the house, fiddling with my lab.

I bought radios at rummage sales. I didn't have any money, but it wasn't very expensive-they were old, broken radios, and I'd buy them and try to fix them. Usually they were broken in some simple-minded way--some obvious wire was hanging loose, or a coil was broken or partly unwound--so I could get some of them going. On one of these radios one night I got WACO in Waco, Texas--it was tremendously exciting!
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20B.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20B.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

= Part C =

{| class="prettytable"
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On this same tube radio up in my lab I was able to hear a station up in Schenectady called WGN. Now, all of us kids-- my two cousins, my sister, and the neigh borhood kids--listened on the radio downstairs to a program called the Eno Crime Club--Eno effervescent salts--it was the thing! Well, I discovered that I could hear this program up in my lab on WGN one hour before it was broadcast in New York! So I'd discover what was going to happen, and then, when we were all sitting around the radio downstairs listening to the Eno Crime Club, I'd say, "You know, we haven't heard from so-and-so in a long time. I betcha he comes and saves the situation."

Two seconds later, bup-bup, he comes! So they all got excited about this, and I predicted a couple of other things. Then they realized that there must be some trick to it--that I must know, somehow. So I owned up to what it was, that I could hear it upstairs the hour before.

You know what the result was, naturally. Now they couldn't wait for the regular hour, They all had to sit upstairs in my lab with this little creaky radio for half an hour, listening to the Eno Crime Club from Schenectady.

We lived at that time in a big house; it was left by my grandfather to his children, and they didn't have much money aside from the house. It was a very large, wooden house, and I would run wires all around the outside, and had plugs in all the rooms, so I could always listen to my radios, which were upstairs in my lab. I also had a loudspeaker--not the whole speaker, but the part without the big horn on it.

One day, when I had my earphones on, I connected them to the loudspeaker, and I discovered something: I put my finger in the speaker and I could hear it in the earphones; I scratched the speaker and I'd hear it in the earphones. So I discovered that the speaker could act like a microphone, and you didn't even need any batteries. At school we were talking about Alexander Graham Bell, so I gave a demonstration of the speaker and the earphones. I didn't know it at the time, but I think it was the type of telephone he originally used.

So now I had a microphone, and I could broadcast from upstairs to downstairs, and from downstairs to upst airs, using the amplifiers of my rummage-sale radios. At that time my sister Joan, who was nine years younger than I was, must have been about two or three, and there was a guy on the radio called Uncle Don that she liked to listen to. He'd sing little songs about "good children," and so on, and he'd read cards sent in by parents telling that "Mary So -and-so is having a birthday this Saturday at 25 Flatbush Avenue."

One day my cousin Francis and I sat Joan down and said that there was a special program she should listen to. Then we ran upstairs and we
started to broadcast: "This is Uncle Don. We know a very nice little girl named Joan who lives on New Broadway; she's got a birthday coming--not today, but such-and-such. She's a cute girl." We sang a little song, and then we made music: "Deedle leet deet, doodle doodle loot doot; deedle deedle leet, doodle loot doot doo We went through the whole deal, and then we came downstairs: "How was it? Did you like the program?"

"It was good," she said, "but why did you make the music with your mouth?"
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20C.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20C.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

= Part D =

{| class="prettytable"
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One day I got a telephone call: "Mister, are you Richard Feynman ?"

"Yes."

"This is a hotel. We have a radio that doesn't work, and would like it repaired. We understand you might be able to do something about it."

"But I'm only a little boy," I said. "I don't know how--"

"Yes, we know that, but we'd like you to come over anyway."

It was a hotel that my aunt was running, but I didn't know that. I went over there with--they still tell the story--a big screwdriver in my back pocket. Well, I was small, so any screwdriver looked big in my back pocket.

I went up to the radio and tried to fix it. I didn't know anything about it, but there was also a handyman at the hotel, and either he noticed, or I noticed, a loose knob on the rheostat --to turn up the volume--so that it wasn't turning the shaft. He went off and filed something, and fixed it up so it worked.

The next radio I tried to fix didn't work at all. That was easy: it wasn't plugged in right. As the repair jobs got more and more complicated, I got better and better, and more elaborate. I bought myself a milliammeter in New York and converted it into a voltmeter that had different scales on it by using the right lengths (which I calculated) of very fine copper wire. It wasn't very accurate, hut it was good enough to tell whether things were in the right ballpark at different connections in those radio sets.

The main reason people hired me was the Depression. They didn't have any money to fix their radios, and they'd hear about this kid who would do it for less. So I'd climb on roofs to fix antennas, and all kinds of stuff. I got a series of lessons of ever-increasing difficulty. Ultimately I got some job like converting a DC set into an AC set, and it was very hard to keep the hum from going through the system, and I didn't build it quite right. I shouldn't have bitten that one off, but I didn't know.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20D.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20D.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

= Part E =

{| class="prettytable"
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One job was really sensational. I was working at the time for a printer, and a man who knew that printer knew I was trying to get jobs fixing radios, so he sent a fellow around to the print shop to pick me up. The guy is obviously poor--his car is a complete wreck--and we go to his house which is in a cheap part of town. On the way, I say, "What's the trouble with the radio?"

He says, "When I turn it on it makes a noise, and after a while the noise stops and everything's all right, but I don't like the noise at the beginning."

I think to myself: "What the hell! If he hasn't got any money, you'd think he could stand a little noise for a while."

And all the time, on the way to his house, he's saying things like, "Do you know anything about radios? How do you know about radios--you're just a little boy!"

He's putting me down the whole way, and I'm thinking, "So what's the matter with him? So it makes a little noise."

But when we got there I went over to the radio and turned it on. Little noise? My God! No wonder the poor guy couldn't stand it. The thing began to roar and wobble--WUH BUH BUH BUH BUH--A tremendous amount of noise. Then it quieted down and played correctly. So I started to think:

"How can that happen?"

I start walking back and forth, thinking, and I realize that one way it can happen is that the tubes are heating up in the wrong order--that is, the amplifier's all hot, the tubes are ready to go, and there's nothing feeding in, or there's some back circuit feeding in, or something wrong in the beginning part --the HF part--and therefore it's making a lot of noise, picking up something. And when the RF circuit's finally going, and the grid voltages are adjusted, everything's all right.

So the guy says, "What are you doing? You come to fix the radio, but you're only walking back and forth!"

I say, "I'm thinking!" Then I said to myself, "All right, take the tubes out, and reverse the order completely in the set." (Many radio sets in those days used the same tubes in different places--212's, I think they were, or 212-A's.) So I changed the tubes around, stepped to the front of the radio, turned the thing on, and it's as quiet as a lamb: it waits until it heats up, and then plays perfectly --no noise.

When a person has been negative to you, and then you do something like that, they're usually a hundred percent the other way, kind of to
compensate. He got me other jobs, and kept telling everybody what a tremendous genius I was, saying, "He fixes radios by thinking!" The whole idea of thinking, to fix a radio --a little boy stops and thinks, and figures out how to do it--he never thought that was possible.
Radio circuits were much easier to understand in those days because everything was out in the open. After you took the set apart (it was a big problem to find the right screws), you could see this was a resistor, that's a condenser, here's a this, there's a that; they were all labeled. And if wax had been dripping from the condenser, it was too hot and you could tell that the condenser was burned out. If there was charcoal on one of the resistors you knew where the trouble was. Or, if you couldn't tell what was the matter by looking at it, you'd test it with your voltmeter and see whether voltage was coming through. The sets were simple, the circuits were not complicated. The voltage on the grids was always about one and a half or two volts and the voltages on the plates were one hundred or two hundred, DC. So it wasn't hard for me to fix a radio by understanding what was going on inside, noticing that something wasn't working right, and fixing it.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20E.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20E.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

= Part F =

{| class="prettytable"
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Sometimes it took quite a while. I remember one particular time when it took the whole afternoon to find a burned-out resistor that was not apparent. That particular time it happened to be a friend of my mother, so I had time-there was nobody on my back saying, "What are you doing?"

Instead, they were saying, "Would you like a little milk, or some cake?" I finally fixed it because I had, and still have, persistence. Once I get on a puzzle, I can't get off. If my mother's friend had said, "Never mind, it's too much work," I'd have blown my top, because I want to beat this damn thing, as long as I've gone this far. I can't just leave it after I've found out so much about it. I have to keep going to find out ult imately what is the matter with it in the end.

That's a puzzle drive. It's what accounts for my wanting to decipher Mayan hieroglyphics, for trying to open safes. I remember in high school, during first period a guy would come to me with a puzzle in geomet ry, or something which had been assigned in his advanced math class. I wouldn't stop until I figured the damn thing out--it would take me fifteen or twenty minutes. But during the day, other guys would come to me with the same problem, and I'd do it for them in a flash. So for one guy, to do it took me twenty minutes, while there were five guys who thought I was a supergenius.

So I got a fancy reputation. During high school every puzzle that was known to man must have come to me. Every damn, crazy conundrum that
people had invented, I knew. So when I got to MIT there was a dance, and one of the seniors had his girlfriend there, and she knew a lot of puzzles, and he was telling her that I was pretty good at them. So during the dance she came over to me and said, "They say you're a smart guy, so here's one for you: A man has eight cords of wood to chop . . ."

And I said, "He starts by chopping every other one in three parts," because I had heard that one.

Then she'd go away and come back with another one, and I'd always know it.

This went on for quite a while, and finally, near the end of the dance, she came over, looking as if she was going to get me for sure this time, and she said, "A mother and daughter are traveling to Europe . . ."

"The daughter got the bubonic plague."

She collapsed! That was hardly enough clues to get the answer to that one: It was the long story about how a mother and daughter stop at a hotel and stay in separate rooms, and the next day the mother goes to the daughter's room and there's nobody there, or somebody else is there, and she says, "Where's my daughter?" and the hotel keeper says, "What daughter?" and the register's got only the mother's name, and so on, and so on, and there's a big mystery as to what happened. The answer is, the daughter got bubonic plague, and the hotel, not wanting to have to close up, spirits the daughter away, cleans up the room, and erases all evidence of her having been there. It was a long tale, but I had heard it, so when the girl started out with, "A mother and daughter are traveling to Europe," I knew one thing that started that way, so I took a flying guess, and got it.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20F.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20F.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

= Part G =

{| class="prettytable"
|
We had a thing at high school called the algebra team, which consisted of five kids, and we would travel to different schools as a team and have competitions. We would sit in one row of seats and the other team would sit in another row. A teacher, who was running the contest, would take out an envelope, and on the envelope it says "forty-five seconds." She opens it up, writes the problem on the blackboard, and says, "Go!"--so you really have more than forty-five seconds because while she's writing you can think. Now the game was this: You have a piece of paper, and on it you can write anything, you can do anything. The only thing that counted was the answer. If the answer was "six books," you'd have to write "6," and put a big circle around it. If what was in the circle was right, you won; if it wasn't, you lost.

One thing was for sure: It was practically impossible to do the problem in any conventional, straightforward way, like putting "A is the number of red books, B is the number of blue books," grind, grind, grind, until you get "six books." That would take you fifty seconds, because the people who set up the timings on these problems had made them all a trifle short. So you had to think, "Is there a way to see it?" Sometimes you could see it in a flash, and sometimes you'd have to invent another way to do it and then do the algebra as fast as you could. It was wonderful practice, and I got better and better, and I eventually got to be the head of the team. So I learned to do algebra very quickly, and it came in handy in college. When we had a problem in calculus, I was very quick to see where it was going and to do the algebra--fast.

Another thing I did in high school was to invent problems and theorems. I mean, if I were doing any mathematical thing at all, I would find some practical example for which it would be useful. I invented a set of right-triangle problems. But instead of givin g the lengths of two of the sides to find the third, I gave the difference of the two sides. A typical example was: There's a flagpole, and there's a rope that comes down from the top. When you hold the rope straight down, it's three feet longer than the pole, and when you pull the rope out tight, it's five feet from the base of the pole. How high is the pole?

I developed some equations for solving problems like that, and as a result I noticed some connection--perhaps it was sin2 + cos2 = 1--that reminded me of trigonometry. Now, a few years earlier, perhaps when I was eleven or twelve, I had read a book on trigonometry that I had checked out from the library, but the book was by now long gone. I remembered only that trigonometry had something to do with relations between sines and cosines. So I began to work out all the relations by drawing triangles, and each one I proved by myself. I also calculated the sine, cosine, and tangent of every five degrees, starting with the sine of five degrees as given, by addition and half-angle formulas that I had worked out.

A few years later, when we studied trigonometry in school, I still had my notes and I saw that my demonstrations were often different from those in the book. Sometimes, for a thing where I didn't notice a simple way to do it, I went all over the place till I got it. Other times, my way was most clever--the standard demonstration in the book was much more complicated! So sometimes I had 'em heat, and sometimes it was the other way around.

While I was doing all this trigonometry, I didn't like the symbols for sine, cosine, tangent, and so on. To me, "sin f" looked like s times i times n times f! So I invented another symbol, like a square root sign, that was a sigma with a long arm sticking out of it, and I put the f underneath. For the tangent it was a tau with the top of the tau extended, and for the cosine I made a kind of gamma, but it looked a little bit like the square root sign.

Now the inverse sine was the same sigma, but left -to-right reflected so that it started with the horizontal line with the value underneath, and then the sigma. That was the inverse sine, NOT sink f--that was crazy! They had that in books! To me, sin_i meant i/sine, the reciprocal. So my symbols were better.

I didn't like f(x)--that looked to me like f times x. I also didn't like dy/dx--you have a tendency to cancel the d's--so I made a different sign, something like an & sign. For logarithms it was a big L extended to the right, with the thing you take the log of inside, and so on.

I thought my symbols were just as good, if not better, than the regular symbols--it doesn't make any difference what symbols you use--but I discovered later that it does make a difference. Once when I was explaining something to another kid in high school, without thinking I started to make these symbols, and he said, "What the hell are those?" I realized then that if I'm going to talk to anybody else, I'll have to use the standard symbols, so I eventually gave up my own symbols.

I had also invented a set of symbols for the typewriter, like FORTRAN has to do, so I could type equations. I also fixed typewriters, with paper clips and rubber bands (the rubber bands didn't break down like they do here in Los Angeles), but I wasn't a professional repairman; I'd just fix them so they would work. But the whole problem of discovering what was the matter, and figuring out what you have to do to fix it--that was interesting to me, like a puzzle.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20G.mp3 Download] ||<flashmp3>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20G.mp3</flashmp3>
|}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Walter Backerman, Seltzer Man

2013-11-28T16:19:20Z

Marianamarques:

= Part A =

==Listening lesson==

1. Listen to the audio below.

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2. Now listen again following the text.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:600px">
Transcript for the Piece Audio version of Walter Backerman, Seltzer Man
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Walter Backerman - SELTZER MAN
New York Works: Audio Portraits of a Vanishing City
Produced by: Emily Botein & Joe Richman The Next Big Thing (NPR) 1/19/2002

Dean Olsher, host: Hi, this is Dean Olsher. I'm going to take you around the city and introduce you to people who make up the radio series New York Works, seven people who are in professions that are slowly disappearing.

MUSIC

In 1919 Jacob Rosenblum took his horse-drawn wagon and began delivering bottles of seltzer-water to tenements on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. In the late 1940s, his son also became a seltzer deliveryman and later his grandson took over the route. There used to be thousands of seltzer men in New York City and now Jacob Rosenblum’s grandson, Walter Backerman, is one of the handful left.

MUSIC FADES IN

HEAR TRUCK STARTING, RATTLING

Walter Backerman, seltzer man: The time now is 6:30 in the morning, on 111th street, right off of Amsterdam Avenue, not far from Broadway. Let me start from scratch. My name is Walter the Seltzer Man (STREET SOUNDS, HORNS HONKING.) This is my truck. It has a little bit of everything. A bunch of old, old bottles, office supplies, I got aspirin in case anyone comes in the truck got a headache. Got flares, digital camera, I have guide books, I got tour books in case I’m curious I drive by I see an old building, want to know a little bit about the history. I have a truck that’s basically extremely chaotic. To anyone else it would appear to be a shambles, but to me it’s semi-organized.

MUSIC FADES UP

BOTTLES RATTLING - TRUCK STOPS - WALTER CHECKS BOTTLES

Walter Backerman: Make sure the bottles work I squirt ‘em. Make sure they haven’t leaked, that the gas is still good. You’ve got blue bottles, you’ve got green bottles. I just like to look at them. I think the seltzer bottles looks beautiful. (DESCRIBING BOTTLE) The year is 1952. That’s the year I was born, the bottle’s as old as I am. Funny thing about it is that now to this day, the bottles are worth so much that I’d be better off pulling out all my bottles out of every customer's house and selling them slowly as antiques and collectibles. At this sad point in time the bottle is unfortunately worth more dead than it is alive.

SCENE CHANGES

Walter Backerman: Seltzer man. (DOOR BUZZES) I have pleasure in my route I really do. Honest, it’s not just the money. I enjoy the route, I enjoy meeting people, I enjoy the camaraderie, I enjoy the socialism. And I like talking to people.

MUSIC FADES UP - VISITING PEOPLE MONTAGE

Customer 1: Oh, hello.

Walter Backerman: How you doing?

BOTTLES RATTLING

Walter Backerman: I remember one time my wife said, look, don’t take it seriously, you’re a novelty for the minute. You’re just the delivery guy. Don’t think you’re anything more than that. You’re like the guy delivering Poland Springs to a water cooler. And I said to her, god I hope not.

VISITING CUSTOMERS

Walter Backerman: Seltzer man! How you doing?

Customer 2: Walter the Seltzer Man!

Walter Backerman: When I asked my grandfather about the route in the old days, he said to me, it was a tough route, it’s a hard way to make a living. I really wish that you would find something easier to do. And my father too, I remember I went to visit my father in the hospital and my father was really very, very sick, you know his body was kind of giving up on him. And the weird part about it, the last thing my father ever said to me was, you know, I have nightmares about the route. I go to sleep and dream I’m on the route, it just never ends. I wish you didn’t follow in my footsteps. So when you see your grandfather filled with regret about you following in their footsteps, you see your father filled with regret about you following in their footsteps it's got to make you think maybe you could have done something different with your life. Sooner or later, nothing lasts forever, and there may be a time when this is the end of the world for the seltzer route.

SCENE CHANGES: IN TRUCK

Walter Backerman: The time is now 2:30, and we’re in the van Cortland section of the Bronx. We’re about to make a right turn onto Hillman avenue, going around the corner from Mrs. Blitz. She’s been on my route since before I was born. And she was buying seltzer from my father then. Her parents bought from my grandparents. And now they’re gone, Mrs. Blitz’s husband’s gone, my father’s gone. All that’s left of this whole story is me and Mrs. Blitz.

DOOR BELL RINGS

Mildred Blitz, customer: Oh, hello.

Walter Backerman: Oh, don’t you look beautiful, you got all dressed up for me?

Mildred Blitz: Come here. I’ve got a defective bottle here. When Walter comes in the door on Saturday, we just go back over the years. I mean the seltzer is great, but it’s Walter. That’s the thing about his product. He’s the product. It’s not the seltzer, it’s Walter. He talks about retiring, I get sick. While we’re on the subject, would you like a glass of seltzer? I could make you a... with chocolate and milk. (SOUND OF SELTZER SQUIRTING) What’s sad now is the seltzer that’s being sold in the supermarket doesn’t come close. It doesn’t have the taste; it’s nothing. When you open the top it fizzles a little the first time and then it dies, a horrible death. Ich, it’s awful.

Walter Backerman: You got the real thing baby.

Mildred Blitz: That’s right. Drink some more.

Walter Backerman: How many years you actually live in this apartment?

Mildred Blitz: 52 years.

Walter Backerman: Wow, and my father was delivering to you in the late forties.

Mildred Blitz: It was great. Everybody had different men in their lives. You had the seltzer man; you had the milkman. These were the people in your life. It's a different world today. Tempis is fugite, which means time is passing, you know that.

Walter Backerman: Of course. Time flies. It’s funny uh I remember coming here as a kid I might have been ten years old and now I’m almost fifty and I’m still doing it.

Mildred Blitz: You’re not just a seltzer man. You’re too bright. When you told me you were leaving law school to work with Al, I was devastated.

Walter Backerman: Well that's the road not taken.

Mildred Blitz: Not that I have so much regard for lawyers. I mean I’d rather take an honest seltzer man any day of the week but the future for the honest seltzer man is what, is what?

Walter Backerman: I guess you’re right. Seltzer is just an anachronistic profession.

Mildred Blitz: So I think you’re beautiful.

Walter Backerman: God bless you baby, you’re looking pretty good yourself.

Mildred Blitz: It took me hours to get to look like this.

MUSIC FADES IN

Walter Backerman: The time is now 6:30 at night and it’s time to head back home. My whole life was spent doing seltzer and the funny thing about it is that since I’m one of the last left as far as the seltzer world is concerned it’s like to a lot of people I’m selling memories. When I come back and I bring the seltzer. It’s the same bottles that my father delivered to them, maybe that my grandfather delivered to the grandparents. You come into their house, for some reason for that moment in time the husband’s still there the kids are still there, they’re young. Somehow, I bring in history.

MUSIC FADES UP

I like being the seltzer man.

MUSIC ENDS

Noah Adams, host: New York Works is produced by Emily Botein and Joe Richman, with help from Ben Shapiro. The series is a collaboration between Radio Diaries and WNYC’s The Next Big Thing. This is All Things Considered from NPR news.

2002 Emily Botein & Joe Richman

</div>
</div>

3. Look up the words in the text you don't know.

4. Write a couple of paragraphs talking about what you heard and read.

= Part B =

1. Watch the video [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/15/walter-backerman-seltzer-_n_1966949.html here]. Click <nowiki>[cc]</nowiki> to watch with subtitles.

2. Now watch the video a second time and write down 10 words or expressions that are new to you or that you find interesting. After doing that, write sentences with those words.

3. Now, write an essay.

Talk about the video. What is the subject. What are the problems Walter faces? What is his outlook on life? What do the bottles represent? Et cetera.

4. Read the essay to your teacher and then talk a little more about the subject.

Lesson:Infinitive of purpose

2013-11-28T16:18:04Z

Marianamarques:

= Part A =

Usamos o infinitivo (to + verb) para expressar o propósito que temos ao fazer algo, para explicar o motivo pelo qual fazemos algo.

Example:

{| class="prettytable"
| I called her to explain the situation.
|-
| We studied to pass the test.
|-
| I went to the supermarket to buy fruits.
|}

''Eu liguei para ela para explicar a situação.'' Ou seja, porque eu queria explicar a situação.

Também usamos o infinitivo para falar sobre o propósito de algo, ou porque alguém tem, quer ou precisa de algo.

Example:

{| class="prettytable"
| The water is to keep the body hydrated during your workout.
|-
| She has a dog to keep her company.
|-
| I want an mp3 player to study at home.
|}

Podemos usar in order e so as antes de (to + verb) para dar mais enfase em estilos mais formais.

{| class="prettytable"
| I called her in order to explain the situation.
|-
| We studied so as to pass the test.
|}

Não utilize for nestes casos.

Estaria errado dizer:

{| class="prettytable"
| I called her for explaining the situation. || ERRADO
|-
| We studied for pass the test. || ERRADO
|}

==Exercises==

1. Rewrite the following sentences according to the model.

{| class="prettytable"
| The dog did all the tricks because it wanted to get the treat.
|-
|Possible answers:
*The dog did all the tricks to get the treat.
*The dog did all the tricks in order to get the treat.
*The dog did all the tricks so as to get the treat.
|}

:: a. She called because she wanted to place an order for delivery.
:: b. Katherine went to the door because she had to open it.
:: c. They went to the beach because they wanted to swim.
:: d. She went to New York because she wanted to go shopping.
:: e. We are going to study for the test because we need to get a good grade.
:: f. He took a book with him because he wanted to have something to read on the train.
:: g. Because we want to attract more customers, we need to rethink our marketing strategy.
:: h. Because we wanted to bring him home, we left the party earlier.
:: i. Because she needed to study English, she enrolled in our school.

2. Write sentences using the following expressions.

::a. ( work in order to )
::b. ( be nice to her so as to )
::c. ( calling to ask )
::d. ( saving in order to have )
::e. ( improve our performance so as to )
::f. ( buy a car to travel )
::g. ( write a letter to explain )
::h. ( start the meeting early to have time to )
::i. ( move to a house in order to )
::j. ( exercise more to have )
::k. ( study another language to speak )
::l. ( look for a better job to get )
::m. ( move to another country to experience )
::n. ( have an all-night study session to prepare )
::o. ( go to bed early so that I can )
::p. ( read about politics in order to )
::q. ( call my father to say )

= Part B =

Também utilizamos o infinitivo para dizer o que pode ser feito ou deve ser feito com algo:

{| class="prettytable"
| I am starving. I need to get something to eat.
|-
| It's nice going back home. There I always have someone to talk to.
|-
| They will need a place to rest after the hike.
|}

As seguintes expressões também usam o infinitive of purpose:

*time to do something
*opportunity to do something
*chance to do something
*money to do something
*energy to do something

{| class="prettytable"
|I did not have time to call you last night.
|-
|She missed the opportunity to get that job.
|-
|We had a chance to rethink our actions, but ended up choosing the wrong path.
|-
|I should have enough money to travel next year.
|-
|It's clear that they do not have the energy to educate those kids.
|}

Às vezes utilizamos '''so that''' em vez do infinitivo para expressar o propósito que temos ao fazer algo.

Os casos são:

a. quando o propósito é negativo:
{| class="prettytable"
| I got there early so that I wouldn't miss the opening of the show.
|-
| They left us detailed instructions so that we wouldn't worry about what to do in case of an emergency.
|-
| Stay close to me so that you don't get lost.
|}
b. quando usamos '''can''' e '''could'''
{| class="prettytable"
| I'm visiting my aunt so that I can help her decorate her house.
|-
| We deposited $1500 a month so that we could buy a house after getting married.
|-
| He's looking for a job so that he can pay his debts.
|}
c. quando uma pessoa faz algo para que outra possa fazer algo
{| class="prettytable"
| She invited me to the party so that I would meet her friends.
|-
| He sent me his email so that I could stay in touch with him.
|-
| They called 911 so that someone would come and help.
|}

==Exercises==

1. Rewrite the following sentences according to the model.

{| class="prettytable"
| It's not always easy to find a person who can help me.
|-
|It's not always easy to find a person to help me.
|}

:: a. I am looking for a large house that I can rent.
:: b. They asked for a bowl of soup that they could eat.
:: c. She gave me a lot of tasks that I could do.
:: d. I found a book I can read.
:: e. We need friends that can help us in times of need.
:: f. He got money he can invest on our business.
:: g. She asked to use the Internet so she can send emails.
:: h. Hydroelectric power plants need water to be able to produce electricity.
:: i. They requested a knife that could cut the cake.

2. Write sentences using the following expressions.

::a. ( time to escape )
::b. ( opportunity to travel )
::c. ( chance to win )
::d. ( money to buy )
::e. ( energy to finish )
::f. ( so that he can )
::g. ( so that we could )
::h. ( so that he wouldn't )
::i. ( so that they don't )
::j. ( nobody to visit )
::k. ( fruits to eat )
::l. ( maps to guide )
::m. ( computers to develop )
::n. ( time to pick up my sister )
::o. ( opportunity to speak to the dean )
::p. ( chance to make amends )
::q. ( energy to teach )

3. Utilize as expressões em parêntesis para responder às perguntas.

{| class="prettytable"
| Why are you going to the movies? (to watch Avatar)
|-
| I am going to the movies to watch Avatar.
|}

:: a. Why did you invite Ethan to the party? (make him feel welcome)
:: b. Why should we always brush our teeth after a meal? (prevent diseases and bad breath)
:: c. Why do some people spend so much money on clothes? (look nice and impress others)
:: d. Why will she travel to England. (visit her friends and relatives)
:: e. Why must we be polite with our clients? (build trust and loyalty)
:: f. Why did you withdraw all that money? (pay the bills and go shopping at the mall)

<br><br>
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Preposition + -ing

2013-11-28T16:16:48Z

Marianamarques:

=Part A=

A regra desta lição é simples: verbo depois de preposição leva -'''ing'''.

Exemplo:

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|
:::I am thinking '''about''' work'''ing''' for you.
|}

Preposição: about
<br>
Verbo: work

Alguns casos comuns:

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="5"| verb + preposition + -ing
|-
| insist on || think of || pay for || dream about || look forward to
|-
| succeed in || talk about || agree on || feel like || work on
|-
| decide on || decide against || apologize for || believe in || worry about
|}
<br>

Exemplos de uso:

#I want to go to the movies, but he keeps insisting on going home.
#He's thinking of traveling abroad.
#You will pay for making me wait.
#She always dreamed about being a princess.
#I am looking forward to working with you.
#You succeeded in ruining my day. Congratulations!
#We're talking about joining them in the project.
#We agreed on doing the research before anything else.
#Sam doesn't feel like partying tonight.
#The company has been working on keeping their facebook page up-to-date.
#The guys decided on watching the game at the bar.
#You should probably decide against using that horrible color to paint your office.
#I apologize for interrupting you, but I really need some help right now.
#We believe in building a stronger community by helping one another.
#She always worries about upsetting me.
<br>

==Exercises==

: 1. Use the expression in parentheses to make sentences. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( insist on / drop the charges )
:: b. ( think of / start a new business )
:: c. ( pay for / go to the movies without her )
:: d. ( dream about / meet the Dalai Lama )
:: e. ( look forward to / spend a week in Dubai )
:: f. ( succeed in / raise the money )
:: g. ( talk about / move in together )
:: h. ( agree on / wait until the summer to look for a new job )
:: i. ( feel like / eat popcorn )
:: j. ( work on / improve his pronunciation )
:: k. ( decide on / not pay for the service )
:: l. ( decide against / pass the law )
:: m. ( apologize for / waste their time )
:: n. ( believe in / fight to protect the weak )
:: o. ( worry about / start a rebellion )

: 2. Make sentences using the verbs found in the table above. Use the form "verb + preposition + -ing"

=Part B=

Em muitos casos não precisamos ter um verbo antes da preposição.

Exemplos:

#Would you be '''interested in buying''' my house?
#He is definitely '''good at wasting''' time.
#They are '''tired of losing'''.
#I need to study French '''instead of watching''' movies.
#He broke the contract '''in spite of knowing''' it was wrong.
#My neighbors are '''sad about moving''' to another city.
#Freedom '''is not about doing''' whatever you want, but doing that which is good for you.
#Think twice '''before telling''' others about your dreams.
#After losing my job, all I had left was my family.
#Abstain from eating sweets if you intend on losing weight.

==Exercises==

: 1. Use the expression in parentheses to make sentences. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( interested in / do business )
:: b. ( good at / steal money )
:: c. ( tired of / hang out with her friends )
:: d. ( instead of / study the day before the exam )
:: e. ( in spite of / see the warning )
:: f. ( sad about / get divorced )
:: g. ( is not about / show off your possessions )
:: h. ( before / travel, make sure )
:: i. ( after / arrive home, we decided to )
:: j. ( abstain from / help people who do harm )

: 2. Make sentences using the following expressions.

:: a. interested in
:: b. good at
:: c. tired of
:: d. instead of
:: e. in spite of
:: f. sad about
:: g. is not about
:: h. before
:: i. after
:: j. abstain from

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}}

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Verb + ing

2013-11-28T16:16:22Z

Marianamarques:

=Part A=

Geralmente, quando temos um verbo seguindo o outro, utilizamos o "to" entre eles para colocar o segundo no infinitivo. Porém, com estes verbos, tiramos o "to" e adicionamos -ing ao segundo.

Exemplo:

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|
:::He avoids eating sugar. (não dizemos '''avoids to eat''')
|}

Os seguintes verbos pedem -ing quando outros verbos os seguem:

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="5"| verb + verb(ing)
|-
| avoid || dislike || enjoy || finish || mind
|-
| practice || imagine || suggest || stop || deny
|-
| delay || regret || admit || consider || involve
|-
| miss || postpone || risk
|}
<br>
Obs. Podemos usar tanto "stop to" ou "stop + verb(ing)", porém com significados diferentes. Veja os seguintes exemplos:

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|
:::He stopped smoking two years ago. (Ele parou de fumar há dois anos.)
:::He stopped to smoke five minutes ago. (Ele parou para fumar há cinco minutos.)
|}

==Exercises==

: 1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( avoid / go out in the cold ) - Jessica is sick. Her mother told her that if she goes out it will get worse. What should she avoid?
::: '''Answer''': Jessica should avoid going out in the cold.
:: b. ( dislike / have to meet new people ) - Jonathan is socially awkward. He has a hard time meeting new people. What does he dislike?
:: c. ( enjoy / swim ) - Every opportunity she has she's in the water. Some of her friends tell her she's more fish than human. What does Lindsey enjoy doing?
:: d. ( finish / eat lunch ) - Mike is anxious to go play with his friend. His parents tell him he cannot go before he eats everything on his plate. What does he have to do?
:: e. ( not mind / help him pack his bags ) - Jack is awful when it comes to packing his bags for a trip and he's asking you for help. What do you say to him?
:: f. ( practice / speak in public ) - Timothy is shy, but he was just promoted to a managerial position and will have to lead meetings in his company. What should he do?
:: g. ( imagine / go on a trip to Europe ) - Your friend is going to Europe and she wants you to come too. She's talking about all the beautiful things you will see there. What does she want you to do right now?
:: h. ( suggest / travel at night ) - Heather hates traveling when it's hot. What can you suggest to her?
:: i. ( stop / eat red meat ) - Larissa tells people they should all become vegetarians, but every now and then she can't resist a good barbeque. What does she have to do to stop being a hypocrite?
:: f. ( deny / eat red meat at the BBQ ) - Larissa's friend heard that she went to a BBQ last night. Since she tells everyone she's a vegetarian, what will she do?
:: g. ( delay / send the emails until the information is verified ) - You just noticed an email you wrote to send to your coworkers might have some wrong information. What will you have to do?
:: h. ( regret / tell your sister the secret ) - You told your sister a secret but she told other people about it. How do you feel right now?
:: i. ( admit / break the glass ) - You got home and could not find your favorite wine glass. When you asked your roommate about it, what did she do?
:: j. ( consider / go back home ) - Larry went to a party, but it was pretty boring. What will he do?
:: k. ( involve / design website layouts for businesses ) - Cindy found a job opportunity and is trying to figure out what she will have to do if she takes the job. Tell her what the job involves.
:: l. ( miss / go to the movies with her friends ) - Monica has fond memories of the time when she could go to the movies with her friends every weekend. What does she miss?
:: m. ( postpone / meet the boss ) - You just got a job and are anxious to meet your boss. Unfortunately he is very busy at the moment and won't be able to come see you. What will you have to do?
:: n. ( risk / lose your job ) - You found out that your company is stealing money from its employees, but you are afraid you will get fired if you tell anyone about it. If you do tell, what will happen?

: 2. Do [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseT1 | this translation exercise]].

: 3. Make sentences using the verbs found in the table above. Use the form "verb + verb(ing)"

=Part B=

As seguintes expressões também pedem -ing.

;give up
:parar ou desistir de fazer algo
;go on
:continuar a fazer algo
;put off
:deixar para fazer depois
;keep / keep on
:fazer algo continuamente ou repetidamente

Exemplos:

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|
:::He '''gave up trying''' to convice her to go out.
:::Please, '''go on playing''' your violin.
:::I need to '''put off calling''' her. I am not in the right mood to do it.
:::They '''keep on trying''' to make me stay even though they know I need to go home.
|}

Quando falamos sobre ações que já se encerraram podemos utilizar duas formas. Veja a tradução da seguinte frase.

:::Ele gostou de ter ido à festa.
{|
|
:::He enjoyed going to the party.
:::He enjoyed having gone to the party.
|}

Por fim, podemos utilizar a palavra "that" após alguns verbos, em vez de utilizar o -ing, principalmente (admit, deny, regret e suggest)

Exemplo:

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|
:::They '''admitted that''' they were not trying to help.
:::She '''denied that''' she was part of our group.
:::I '''regret that''' I was not there with you.
:::I '''suggested that''' we make strawberry cakes instead.
|}

: 1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( give up / try to help her ) - Carla is not doing very well in school. Since you're her friend, you have tried your best to help her, but it has been pointless. All she wants to do is play video-games. What will you do?
:: b. ( go on / study by myself ) - You invited Susan to study with you but she did not feel like it. What did you decide?
:: c. ( put off / look for a job ) - You told your friends you would stop living at your mom's expense and look for a job. But when you think about it, it seems like such a chore. What do you want to do?
:: d. ( keep on / work on the project ) - You told your boss it would be a great idea to have a facebook page for your business. He agreed to let you create one but now he thinks it's just a waste of time. You still believe that integrating social media and marketing in the company is a great project. What do you want to do?
:: e. ( admit that / break the cup ) Your friend collects mugs. Last year she brought one from Paris which is now her favotire. When she was not home you decided to use it and, unfortunately, it fell and broke. What must you do if you want to be honest with your friend?
:: f. ( deny that / already watch the movie ) Your brother loves the Harry Potter movies, but he still hasn't been able to watch the last one. You promised you'd watch it with him. One day you went on a date and ended up watching it with that special someone. What can you do to avoid making your brother sad?
:: g. ( regret that / not wait ) Your boyfriend/girlfriend went away on a trip that lasted three months. He/She asked you to wait for him/her but you didn't. Now that he/she is back, how do you feel?
:: h. ( suggest that / light the fire ) It's very cold and the fireplace is not lit. What should you do?

: 2. Make sentences with the following expressions. Use the form "verb + verb(ing)" for the first four.

::*give up
::*go on
::*put off
::*keep / keep on
::*admit that
::*deny that
::*regret that
::*suggest that



<br><br>
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[[Category:Lessons in development]]

Lesson:Essentials/49

2013-11-27T11:00:23Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Law & Order==

* Policeman. police officer
* Nightstick
* Badge
* Holster
* Whistle
* handcuffs
* Police car
* Detective
* Flashing light
* Police station
* Burglar
* Prison, jail
* Inmate, prisoner
* Bar
* Judge
* Gavel
* Lawyer
* Firefighter, fireman
* Fire hose
* Fire hydrant
* Fire extinguisher
* Fire station

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/law-and-order/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/50|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/50

2013-11-27T11:00:04Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Shapes==

* Square
* Rectangle
* Triangle
* Polygon
* Circle
* Oval
* Sphere
* Spiral

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/shapes/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/CP41|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/48

2013-11-27T10:59:32Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The City==

* Building
* Second floor
* First floor
* Stairs
* Step
* Elevator
* Cemetery, graveyard
* Grave
* Gravestone, tombstone
* Coffin
* Corpse, body
* Market
* Stand
* Statue
* Park
* Path
* Fountain
* Bench
* Bridge
* Dock
* Factory
* Smokestack
* Conveyor belt
* Warehouse
* Crate

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/city/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/49|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/47

2013-11-27T10:59:07Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Jobs==

* Plumber
* Pipe
* Mechanic
* Janitor
* Maid
* Painter
* Baker
* Bakery
* Butcher
* Barber (male only), Hair stylist (unisex)
* Barber shop (male only), Salon (unisex)
* Chef
* Waiter
* Waitress
* Bartender
* Bar
* Truck driver
* Mover
* Exterminator
* Miner
* Mine

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/jobs/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/48|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/46

2013-11-27T10:58:56Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Art==

* Actor
* Actress
* Mask
* Spotlight
* Stage
* Director
* Megaphone
* Star, celebrity
* Audience
* Applause
* Clap
* Boo
* Painting
* Frame
* Painter, artist (general)
* Easel
* Canvas
* Paint
* Palette
* Paint brush
* Portfolio
* Model
* Sculptor
* Sculpture
* Pedestal
* Bust
* Museum

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/art/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/47|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/45

2013-11-27T10:58:46Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Communication==

* Letter
* Return address
* Address
* Stamp
* Postmark
* Postcard
* Mailman
* Mailbox
* Newspaper
* Reporter
* Magazine
* Package
* Box
* Telephone
* Ring
* Telephone jack
* Cell phone
* Walkie-talkie

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/communication/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/46|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/44

2013-11-27T10:58:00Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Fantasy==

* Monster
* Ghost
* Witch
* Cackle
* Cauldron
* Witches´ brew
* Wizard
* Wand
* Giant
* Dwarf
* Fairy
* Elf
* Werewolf
* Mermaid
* Mummy
* Moan
* Genie

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/fantasy/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/45|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/43

2013-11-27T10:57:43Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|iPVvOpzzU_s}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==History==

* King
* Scepter
* Crown
* Throne
* Queen
* Prince
* Princess
* Noble
* Peasant
* Castle
* Drawbridge
* Moat
* Flag
* Flag pole
* Knight
* Visor
* Hilt
* Sword
* Shield
* Squire, page
* Armor
* Lance
* Halberd
* Executioner
* Stockade
* Gallow
* Nose
* Pirate
* Caveman
* Club
* Bow
* Arrow
* Quiver
* Spear
* Slingshot

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/history/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/44|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/42

2013-11-27T10:57:25Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|umQMaIcsE_M}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Construction==

* Ladder
* Cement
* Cinder block
* Lumber, wood
* Brick
* Carpenter
* Crane
* Architect
* Foreman
* Blueprint
* Mason
* Steel girder
* Wheel barrow
* Jackhammer
* Earplugs
* Construction worker
* Welder
* Blow torch
* Bulldozer
* Forklift
* Steamroller
* Dump truck

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/construction/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/43|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/41

2013-11-27T10:57:10Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}

</quiz>
|}

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|m2S3Oar2dVU}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Photography==

* Camera
* Flash
* Lens
* Zoom lens
* Photograph, photo
* Slide
* Photo album
* Photographer
* Tripod
* Film
* Reel
* Projector
* Screen

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/photography/

=Review=

[[Lesson:Essentials/42|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/40

2013-11-27T10:56:27Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

===EXERCISES===

Simple Past (Irregular Verbs: dream, drink, drive, eat, fall)

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|oDIP8Z4JJ0g}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| lot || odd
|-
| wash || knot
|-
| god || mob
|-
| watch || pot
|-
| clock || top
|}

=Vocabulary=

=Review=

1. Exs. Counting uncountable nouns

2. Write sentences with

3. exs. Simple Past (Irregular Verbs: dream, drink, drive, eat, fall)

4. Change from aff. to neg. …

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Home cinema 01.jpg|500px|Home cinema 01]]

=Conversation=

# Do you like to use electronic devices? Which ones?
# What´s the best electronic invention in your point of view? Why?
# Do you think people are lasier because of this new inventions? Why?
# Give 5 examples of electronics that you have at home.
# What electronic that you use the most? For what?
# Is it possbile to live without these electronic devices nowadays? Why
# Do you think we will ge more and more dependent on these devices? Why?
#
#
#

=Extra Vocab=

==Electronics==

* Television, TV
* Antenna
* Remote control
* Controls
* Button
* Record
* Stop
* Pause
* Play
* Rewind
* Fast forward
* Plug
* Cord
* Prong
* Outlet
* Extension cord
* Stereo
* Dial
* Speaker
* Radio
* Headphones
* Power strip
* Battery
* Microphone, mike
* Circuit braker
* Fuse
* Record player, phonograph
* CD
* Record
* Cassette, audio cassette

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/electronics/

[[Lesson:Essentials/CP31|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/39

2013-11-27T10:56:10Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

===EXERCISES===

Prepositions of time (at, at around, at about, between)

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|O_m0Gsc-ixw}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| strut || mud
|-
| love || blood
|-
| cut || gut
|-
| must || truck
|-
| shut || nut
|}

=Vocabulary=

=Review=

1. Exs. Go to, go for, go .ing

2. Fill in the blanks

3. exs. Prepositions of time (at, at around, at about, between)

4. Choose the right answer

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Bitterroot mountains parents farm.jpg|500px|Bitterroot mountains parents farm]]

=Conversation=

#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

=Extra Vocab=

==The Farm==

* Farmer
* Fields
* Greenhouse
* barn
* Silo
* Pasture
* Scarecrow
* Plough
* Harness
* Orchard
* Stable
* Chicken coop
* Tractor
* Combine
* Scythe
* Basket
* Barrel
* Well
* Pulley
* Pump
* Windmill
* Cart
* Hay, hay stack
* Pitchfork
* Bale of hay

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/farm/

[[Lesson:Essentials/40|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/38

2013-11-27T10:55:01Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

===EXERCISES===

Prepositions of time (before, after, until)

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|mCWUCxt_Nec}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| foot || put
|-
| good || broom
|-
| book || look
|-
| took || groom
|-
| bully || full
|}

=Vocabulary=

=Review=

1. Exs. imperative

2. Complete the sentences

3. exs. Prepositions of time (before, after, until)

4. Change from aff. to neg. …

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Galaxie peinture.jpg|500px|Galaxie peinture]]

=Conversation=

# Are you curious about our space/galaxy?
# Do you like to observe the stars/moon sometimes?
# Would you like to know a spaceship?
# Would you travel to the moon? Why?
# What´s your biggest curiosity about the galaxy?
# Do you have a telescope? Would like to have one?
# Why are the satelites important?
# Do you think robots will take place on the Earth?
# Do you believe in aliens?
# If so, do you think the visit our plabnet?

=Extra Vocab=

==Space==

* Galaxy
* Sun
* Star
* Planet
* Solar system
* Orbit
* Asteroid belt
* Asteroid
* Comet
* Space station
* Space ship
* Rocket
* Astronaut
* Earth
* The moon
* Crater
* Alien
* Human, earthling
* Robot
* Observatory
* Telescope
* Satellite
* Satellite dish

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/space/

[[Lesson:Essentials/39|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/37

2013-11-27T10:54:01Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|ID}}

===EXERCISES===

Simple Past (Irregular Verbs: come, cost, cut, do, draw)

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|ey454FdtVvM}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| kit || bid
|-
| hymn || minute
|-
| hit || lip
|-
| sick || will
|-
| sit || knit
|}

=Vocabulary=

=Review=

1. Exs. Adverbs of manner

2. Read the text out loud

3. exs. Simple Past (Irregular Verbs: come, cost, cut, do, draw

4. Complete the story

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Канцелярские товары Erich Krause.JPG|500px|Канцелярские товары Erich Krause]]

=Conversation=

# Where did you study when you were a child?
# Do you still have some friends from elementary school?
# Do you remember the name of your first teacher?
# What is/was your favorite subject at school?
# Do you prefer to study in groups or alone? Why?
# Do you like to speak in public?
# How do you feel when you have to present a paper in front of the class?
# Were you careful with your school supplies?
# Which school supplies do you use until today?
# Do you have a diploma? If so, what is it about?

=Extra Vocab=

==School==

* Teacher
* Chalkboard
* Chalk
* Eraser
* Student
* Student´s desk
* Book
* Book bag
* Backpack
* Lockers
* School supplies
* Pencil
* Mechanical pencil
* Pen
* Eraser
* Ink
* Ink bottle
* Pencil sharpener
* Globe
* Checkmark
* Glue
* Scissors
* Ruler
* Highlighter
* Marker
* Crayons
* Piece of paper, sheet of paper
* Diploma
* Spiral notebook
* Folder
* Binder
* Note pad

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/school/

[[Lesson:Essentials/38|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/36

2013-11-27T10:53:35Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

Continuemos nosso estudo dos verbos irregulares.

{| class="prettytable"
! '''base form''' || '''simple past''' || '''past participle'''
|-
|bring || brought || brought
|-
|build || built || built
|-
|burn || burnt/burned || burnt/burned
|-
|buy || bought || bought
|-
|choose || chose || chosen
|}

Vejamos agora alguns exemplos:

{| class="prettytable"
| They brought a lot of gifts from the United States. || Eles trouxeram vários presentes dos Estados Unidos.
|-
| We built our house in 6 months. || Construímos a nossa casa em 6 meses.
|-
| I burnt the rice again. :( || Queimei o arroz outra vez. :(
|-
| She bought a kite for her son. || Ela comprou uma pipa para o seu filho.
|-
| They chose to stay at home. || Eles escolheram ficar em casa.
|}

===EXERCISES===

Simple Past (Irregular Verbs: bring, build, burn, buy, choose)

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|q1W1Csen0n8}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| nurse || refer
|-
| stir || skirt
|-
| learn || her
|-
| fur || prefer
|-
| blur || first
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Tools==

* To Fix - Fixed
* To screw - screwed
* To paint - painted
* To hammer - hammered
* To Sand - Sanded
* To weld - Welded
* sandpaper
* Hammer
* Screw
* Screwdriver
* Wrench
* Wall
* Wood
* Plank
* Engine
* Metal
* Sheet
* Plate
* Gold
* Silver
* Trombone
* Welder
* Bar
* Iron
* Steel

<pre width=40%>
Important Sentences!
- He fixed the Tv
- It's fixed
- It's broken
</pre>

== Exercises ==

1) Look at the photos and answer the questions, the teacher may ask you to write down your answers or to answer orally:

[[File:Hammering Nails.jpg|500px|Hammering Nails]]

:: a. What is he using?
:: b. Describe the picture.
:: c. Do you know how to do this?

[[File:Hombre Soldando.jpg|500px|Hombre Soldando]]

:: a. What is the photo showing?
:: b. What is he using?
:: c. Describe the man's clothes and the objects around him.

=Review=

1. Use the possessive and make sentences using the words given,follow the example:
::'''Example: Car | jane'''
::'''Possible answer: I like jane's new car'''

::a.Boys | toys
::b.Women | clothes
::c.Marco | chores
::b.Lisa | friend
::c.Marcelo | Website
::d.Cielo | skill
::e.Cynthia | Hammer

2. Answer the questions according to the text:
::
::'''My name is Mark ,my father is a really talented man, there is nothing he doesn't know how to fix, last week he fixed out TV just using his tools, He really likes to weld things, last year he welded a lot of iron bars together to build a cage for our bird.
'''
::a.What does Mark's father like to do?

::b.What does Mark's father know how to fix?

::c.When he welded the iron bar together what did he make and why?

::

3. Make 3 different sentences using past tense and its interrogative, affirmative and negative form for each of the following verbs:

::a.To Bring
::b.To Build
::c.To Buy
::d.To Fix

4. Using the verbs '''fix, hammer, sand and weld''' write a short paragraph:

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:1327664853 u-125-ris.2.jpg|500px|1327664853 u-125-ris.2]]

=Conversation=

# Do you have many tools at home? Do you use them?
# Do you agree that tools are men´s thing? Why?
# Do you think tolls are dengerous objects? Why?
# Is it easier for men to handle the tools? Why?
# Which tool do you know how to use?
# What can you use a drill for?
# Do you like to construct/fix things? If so, what?
# What is the most difficult part when using a tool?
# What´s the most essential tool that everybody needs to have at home? Why?
# Do you have a tape measure at home? Do you use it?

=Extra Vocab=
==Tools==

* Hammer
* Handle
* Nail
* Screwdriver
* Screw
* Pliers
* Drill
* Drill bit
* Wrench
* Bolt
* Nut
* Washer
* Monkey wrench
* Saw
* Blade
* Chain saw
* Tool box
* File
* Chisel
* Mallet
* Pick
* Anvil
* Spring
* Vise
* Level
* Tape measure

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/tools/

[[Lesson:Essentials/37|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/34

2013-11-27T10:51:41Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

Hoje começaremos a aprender alguns verbos irregulares no passado. Nas tabelas desta lição em diante você verá os verbos distribuídos em três colunas: '''base form''', '''simple past''' e '''past participle'''.

Base form: é como o verbo fica quando não está conjugado.
Simple past: verbo conjugado no simple past.
Past participle: particípio dos verbos (não entraremos neste assunto por hora, mas é bom já aprender a forma).

{| class="prettytable"
! '''base form''' || '''simple past''' || '''past participle'''
|-
|be || was / were || been
|-
|become || became || become
|-
|begin || began || begun
|-
|bite || bit || bitten
|-
|break || broke || broken
|}

O verbo '''to be''' é peculiar pois varia de acordo com a pessoa que conjuga o verbo.

Então temos:

:I was
:You were
:He was
:She was
:It was
:We were
:You were
:They were

Vejamos agora alguns exemplos:

{| class="prettytable"
| I was at the mall last night.
|-
| She became a famous painter in New York.
|-
| They began building the house in the summer.
|-
| Snow White bit the apple and fell asleep instantly.
|-
| He broke his foot playing soccer.
|}

===EXERCISES===

1. Passe as frases de exemplo acima para a forma negativa e interrogativa.

2. Faça frases com o verbo to be no passado nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa:

:I -
:You -
:He -
:She -
:It -
:We -
:You -
:They -

3. Passe as frases para o afirmativo, negativo e interrogativo no passado:

:: a. She will be at school tomorrow. (this morning)
:: b. This kid will become a good player.
:: c. The class begins at 8am.
:: d. He will bite you sandwich without your permission.
:: e. This window breaks all the time. (last night)

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|1g-WqzL3LUc}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| father || heart
|-
| start || card
|-
| hard || dart
|-
| guard || smart
|-
| art || chart
|}

=Vocabulary=

* To Become - Became
* To Put - put
* To Begin - began
* To Be - was
* To paint - Painted
* Beauty
* Make-up
* Lipstick
* Lotion
* Freckles
* Wrinkles
* Beauty cream
* Perfume
* Conditioner
* Product
* Ugly
* Beautiful
* Pretty
* Handsome

<pre width=40%>
Important Sentences!
- Put make up on / lipstick
- She is with make up on / lipstick
- He is handsome
- She wears perfume
- Face painting
</pre>

1) Look at the photos and answer the questions, the teacher may ask you to write down your answers or to answer orally:

::[[File:Melissa Hoyer (7127337237).jpg|500px|Melissa Hoyer (7127337237)]]

::a. Is she wearing make up?
::b. Does she have lipstick on?
::c. Is she pretty?

::[[File:Face of blonde girl.jpg|500px|Face of blonde girl]]

::a. Does she have make up on?
::b. Is she beautiful?
::c. Does she have freckles?

=Review=

1. Supply some or any:

:: a. Give me _________ coffee.
:: b. There aren’t ____________ good books here.
:: c. I brought you ____________ aspirins.
:: d. Do you have ____________ idea?
:: e. There aren’t ____________ good seats in this theater.
:: f. He gave us _____________ old stuff.
:: g. Is there ____________ doctor in the audience.
:: h. I didn’t buy _____________ stamps.
:: i. There are __________ good shows in New York.
:: j. Did you invite __________ girl to the party?

2. Put the verbs in the past in the sentences below:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Verbs
|-
| want || pass
|-
| cook || clean
|-
| help || offer
|-
| play || discover
|-
| turn || correct
|}

:: a. He always __________ his examinations when he was young.
:: b. I _________________ my room before going to school.
:: c. They _____________ the piano very well years ago.
:: d. The teacher _____________ our tests last night.
:: e. Columbus ______________ America in 1492.
:: f. Tom ______________ to go to the movies alone.
:: g. Susan _______________ me a piece of chocolate cake.
:: h. We _______________ him with his exercises.
:: i. Mother ______________ black beans yesterday.
:: j. I _______________ off the TV because it was very late.

3. Give the right form of the verbs in the past and after one example with each verb.

:: a. be
:: b. begin
:: c. become
:: d. break

4. Choose the right answer:

<quiz display=simple>
{Were you at home last night?:
|type="()"}
- No, I goed to the movies.
+ Yes, I was there with my family.
- Yes, I needed the book.

{Did you begin the English classes?:
|type="()"}
+ Yes, I began last semester.
- Yes, I begined last week.
- No, I didn´t have time to start.

{ When did he become a responsible man?:
|type="()"}
- He became when he started to live alone.
+ He never becomed a responsible man.
- He becamed when he graduated.

{ What did the baby break?:
|type="()"}
- The baby breaked the vase.
+ The baby broke the toy.
- The baby didn´t broke anything.

</quiz>

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Toothpasteonbrush.jpg|500px|Toothpasteonbrush]]

=Conversation=

# How often do you take a shower?
# How do you like your shower? Very hot, cold...
# Do you usually take showers at night or in the morning?
# Do you wear perfume every day?
# What do you use to wash your face?
# What do you use for acne/pimple treatment? Does it work well?
# Do you have a favorite toothpaste?
# What kind of toothbrush do you use?
# How often do you floss?
# List the things you do to get ready for bed.

=Extra Vocab=

==The Bathroom II==

* Hairbrush
* Comb
* Mirror
* Powder
* Make up
* Lipstick
* Nail polish
* Eye liner
* Mascara
* Blow dryer
* Hairspray
* Toothbrush
* Toothpaste
* Tube
* Cap
* Floss
* Perfume
* Deodorant
* Razor
* Razor blade
* Shaving cream
* Tweezers
* Nail clippers
* Q-tip, cotton swab
* Medicine cabinet

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/bathroom2/

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Lesson:Essentials/33

2013-11-27T10:51:14Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#widget:SlideShare
|doc=cvc-131118053824-phpapp02
|width=599
|height=487
|norelated
}}

===EXERCISES===

1. Give the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses.

:: a. The fire _______________ (occur) while we were out of the house.
:: b. He _____________ (love) his old dog very much.
:: c. A tornado ___________ (destroy) the whole village last week.
:: d. Our company ________ (develop) a new communication system.
:: e. We ____________ (dance) a lot last night.
:: f. They ____________ (decide) not to go to the zoo.
:: g. She was cleaning the vase when she __________ (drop) it.
:: h. John __________ (stop) at the corner and _______ (call) us.
:: i. I _______________ (talk) to her for a few minutes only.

2. Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Don´t forget to use the verb in the right tense:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Verbs
|-
| stop || occur
|-
| show || drop
|-
| admit || scrub
|-
| visit || permit
|-
| borrow || remember
|}

:: a. He _______ me many interesting books during the conversation.
:: b. The lady _______ the floor until it was very clean.
:: c. The doorman _______ the guy to enter for five minutes only.
:: d. I _______ the car in the parking lot yesterday.
:: e. They _______ their relatives last Christmas.
:: f. The accident _______ last night.
:: g. She _______ the bag when she was getting out of the car.
:: h. You _______ this pen from the teacher last class.
:: i. The last contract _______ of no other interpretation.
:: j. He _______ when he was young.

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|BufPelrZ7io}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| goose || group
|-
| two || troop
|-
| blue || loop
|-
| do || food
|-
| too || moon
|}

=Vocabulary=

* To bathe
* To shower
* To rinse
* To wash
* To brush
* Toilet
* Trash bin
* Wet
* Toilet paper / Toilet tissue
* Shampoo
* Conditioner
* Toothbrush
* Toothpaste
* Dental floss
* Bathtub
* Shower

<pre width=40%>
Important Sentences!
- To take a bath
- To take a shower
</pre>

1) Look at the photos and answer the questions, the teacher may ask you to write down your answers or to answer orally:

[[File:Ban-Bathroom-Nus.JPG|500px|Ban-Bathroom-Nus]]

:: a. In your opinion is this a big or small bathroom?
:: b. Are there any shower products? Give three examples.
:: c. In your opinion, is this a comfortable bathroom? Why?

[[File:Opočno castle in 2009 23.JPG|500px|Opočno castle in 2009 23]]

:: a. In your opinion, is this a new or old bathroom?
:: b. Give three examples of bathroom furniture that you see in the photo.
:: c. In your opinion, is this a comfortable bathroom? Why?

=Review=

1. Write 5 sentences expressing thing that you would like to do until the end of this year.

2. Translate the sentences to english.

::a.Eu gostaria de um copo d'água.

::b.Ela correria para o restaurante.

::c.Jhon não falaria com ela.

::d.Carlo faria isso?

::e.Eles iriam com a gente.

::f.Meu pai não lavaria as roupas.

::g.Você perguntaria para o professor?

3. Change thje sentences to the affirmative form:

:: a. Did you slap her face?
:: b. They didn´t stop the music.
:: c. Charles didn´t visit his family las year.
:: d. Chris didn´t want to travel this summer.
:: e. The restaurant didn´t deliver the pizza on time.
:: f. Did she deposit the money?
:: g. The heavy rain didn´t destroy the garden.
:: h. It didn´t snow a lot this winter.
:: i. Did he discover a new method?
:: j. He didn´t enjoy the party.

4. Make questions for the answers below:

:: a. I need a shampoo and a conditioner from the supermarket.
:: b. I washed my car yesterday.
:: c. The floor is wet.
:: d. You have to take a shower at 7pm.
:: e. She brushes her teeth three times a day.
:: f. The dentist tells me to use dental floss every day.

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:FRA LH Lounge First.jpg|500px|FRA LH Lounge First]]

=Conversation=

# What´s the difference between bathroom and restroom?
# Do you have a bathtube in your bathroom? If, not would you like to have one?
# What do you think about having a scale in the bathroom?
# Do you use any kind of soap to take a shower or you use special ones?
# What do you prefer electric shower or gas powered shower? Why?
# What color of towel is your favorite? Why?
# What product can´t miss in a bathroom? Why?
# Do you prefer paper or cloth tissues? Why?
# Is liquid soap better than the soaps in bars?

=Extra Vocab=

==The Bathroom==

* Bathtub
* Shower
* Shower head
* Suds
* Soap
* Bubble
* Sink
* Drain
* Faucet
* Dip
* Toilet, Potty (kids)
* Toilet paper
* Toilet brush
* Kleenex, tissues
* Plunger
* Towel
* Towel rack
* Tile
* Scale

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/bathroom/

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Lesson:Essentials/32

2013-11-27T10:50:29Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Comparative Adjectives==

No nosso dia a dia, frequentemente comparamos uma coisa com a outra; dizemos que este é melhor que aquele, que um tal produto é mais barato que o outro.

Note que a palavra melhor é um adjetivo que nos permite comparar as coisas. Por isso, hoje vamos ver como usamos em inglês estes '''comparative adjectives'''.

Separamos eles em duas categorias: '''short''' e '''long'''.

===Short===

Consideramos adjetivos curtos:

*Aqueles com apenas uma sílaba: '''big, old, small, fast, etc.'''
*Aqueles com duas sílabas terminados em y: '''happy, silly, pretty, etc.'''

Regras:

1. Normalmente adicionamos '''-er'''.

Ex.: She is older than her sister. -> Ela é mais velha que a sua irmã.

2. Se o adjetivo terminar em '''e''' apenas adicionamos -'''r'''. (late -> later)

Ex.: I'll talk to you later. -> Falarei com você mais tarde.

3. Se o adjetivo terminar em cvc (consoante + vogal + consoante), dobramos a última consoante. (big -> bigger)

Ex.: My new house is bigger than the old one. -> Minha casa nova é maior do que a antiga.

4. Se o adjetivo terminar em '''y''', tiramos o '''y''' e acrescentamos -'''ier'''. (happy -> happier)

Ex.: I am happier now that I am on vacations. -> Estou mais feliz agora que estou de férias.

===Long===

Consideramos adjetivos longos:

*Aqueles com duas sílabas não terminados em y: '''modern, pleasant, etc'''
*Aqueles com três sílabas ou mais: '''expensive, beautiful, etc'''

Regras:

Para adjetivos longos temos apenas uma regra: acrescentamos '''more''' antes do adjetivo.

Ex.: I want my website to look more modern. -> Eu quero que meu site tenha uma aparência mais moderna.
:::: This computer is much more expensive than that one. -> Este computador é muito mais caro que aquele.

===Irregular adjectives===

Alguns adjetivos são irregulares e não seguem as regras acima. Neste caso, precisamos decorar as suas formas irregulares.

{| class="prettytable"
| good → better
|-
| well (healthy) → better
|-
| bad → worse
|-
| far → farther/further
|}

Ex.: This cellphone is better than the other.

===than===

Com frequência precisamos usar a palavra than na frase significando "do que".

Ex.: Today you are slower '''than''' yesterday. -> Hoje você está mais lenta '''do que''' ontem.

===EXERCISES===
Fill the blanks using the words in brackets.

<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}
a. She is { smarter _7 } than him.(smart)
b. John is { stronger _8 } than Carlo.(strong)
c. Carlo's pen is { better _6 } than hers.(good)
d. Lucca is { older _5 } than her.(old)
e. Persia's cat is { prettier _8} than Maria's dog.(pretty)
f. Are Michael's books { more interesting _16 } than those magazines?(interesting)
g. Is Callie { more intelligent _16 } than Marco?(intelligent)
</quiz>

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|UUuj0XkRqUM}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| sea || machine
|-
| cheap || fleece
|-
| he's || teach
|-
| peach || sheep
|-
| feet || feed
|}

=Vocabulary=

==My room==

* To rest - rested
* To snore - snored
* To fold - folded
* To like - liked
* Room
* Bedroom
* Desk
* Blanket
* Bookcase
* Mattress
* Wardrobe
* Drawer
* Dresser
* Curtains
* Rug
* Carpet
* Paintings
* Pictures
* Picture frame

<pre width=40%>
Important expressions!
- Bed linen
- Do you need some rest?
- Single size bed
- Double size bed
- Queen size bed
- King size bed
</pre>

== Exercises ==

1) Look at the photos and answer the questions, the teacher may ask you to write down your answers or to answer orally:

[[File:Bedroom Mitcham.jpg|500px|Bedroom Mitcham]]

:: a. In your opinion is this a single or a couple's room?
:: b. How many chairs are there in the bedroom?
:: c. In your opinion, is this a comfortable room? Why?

[[File:Red bedroom.jpg|500px|Red bedroom]]

:: a. How many pictures are there in this bedroom?
:: b. In your opinion, this is a woman's or man's bedroom?
:: c. In your opinion, is this a comfortable room? Why?

=Review=

1.Answer the frequency questions below:
:: How often do you..
:: a. do exercises?
:: b. cook?
:: c. go to the movies?
:: d. listen to classic music?
:: e. clean your house?
:: f. study English?
:: g. do charity?
:: h. travel?
:: i. play video-games?
:: j. go shopping?

2. Change the sentences to the interrogative / negative / affirmative.

:: a. Those blankets are dirty.
:: b. Are these towels clean?
:: c. Don't put those curtains in the washing machine.
:: d. Will you do the laundry tomorrow?
:: e. I said I did the sweep on the desk.
:: f. Please, don't use the mop on the carpet.

3. Ex. Comparative
:: a. Their group is _________ (big) than ours.
:: b. My car isn't ________ (clean) than yours.
:: c. I'm __________ (efficient) than she is.
:: d. It is _________ (sunny) than yesterday.
:: f. She is _________ (beautiful) than the other girl.
:: g. That team's athletes will be ___________ (good) than the other team's. They are training very hard.
:: h. My surgery isn't ___________ (recent) than yours.
:: i. This English book is __________ (complete) than the previous one.

4. Complete the text using comparative and the words in brackets.

This is Sheila, Sheila lives with John, they are roommates.
Sheila's room is _______________ (clean) than John's room, but John is a ______________ (good) cook than Sheila, they are good friends.
Sheila studies at the public college and John studies at the local college, Sheila studied _______________ (hard) John to pass the entry exams.
John likes to run every morning, Sheila likes to sleep until late, John is ______________ (athletic) Sheila.
Today they will go out together to buy some ice-cream because today is _______________ (hot) yesterday, tomorrow they will go to the theater because the tickets are ______________ (cheap) on Wednesdays.

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Gone Home - Bedroom.png|500px|Gone Home - Bedroom]]

=Conversation=

# What color are your walls in your bedroom?
# What is on your bed sheets?
# What is under your bed?
# How big is your bedroom?
# Do you have a bathroom in your bedroom?
# Do you have a TV in your room?
# Is your computer in your bedroom?
# How much time do you spend in your bedroom each day?
# What is your favorite thing to do in your bedroom?
# Do you share your bedroom with anyone?
# What would you like to change about your bedroom?

=Extra Vocab=

==The Bedroom==

* Snore
* Yawn
* Bed
* Pillow
* Bed spread
* Blankets
* Alarm clock
* Sheet
* Mattress
* Chest of drawers
* Drawers
* Dresser
* Bunk bed
* Chest, trunk
* Closet

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/bedroom/

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Lesson:Essentials/31

2013-11-27T10:49:49Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==The Simple Past Tense==

Hoje vamos começar a aprender o Simple Past Tense. Por hora, vamos apenas pensar que estas frases todas estarão no passado e aprender primeiro a forma correta; mais adiante explicaremos em mais detalhe quando usar este tempo verbal.

===Affirmative Sentences===

Para frases afirmativas, temos dois tipos de verbos: regulares e irregulares. Quando temos um verbo regular, colocamos a frase no passado acrescentando -'''ed'''. No caso dos verbos irregulares, teremos que memorizar uma lista.

:Ex.: She '''walks''' home everyday. -> She '''walked''' home yesterday.
: She usually '''eats''' a toast for breakfast. -> She '''ate''' a toast for breakfast this morning.

===Negative Sentences===

Quando fazemos frases negativas no Simple Past precisamos usar o verbo auxiliar '''did''', tanto para verbos regulares quanto irregulares. Para que a frase fique negativa, o verbo auxiliar vem seguido de '''not''', então temos:

:Ex.: She did not walk home yesterday.
: She did not eat toast for breakfast this morning.

'''Atenção!''' Note que não usamos o -'''ed''' nem modificamos o verbo. Para frases negativas, usamos o que é chamado de '''base form'''. Quando apresentarmos a tabela de verbos irregulares isto ficará mais claro.

'''Abreviação''': '''did''' + '''not''' = '''didn't'''

:Ex.: She didn't walk home yesterday.
: She didn't eat toast for breakfast this morning.

===Interrogative Sentences===

O verbo auxiliar '''did''' também é utilizado para frases interrogativas, mas ele vem antes do sujeito.

:Ex.: Did she walk home yesterday?
: Did she eat toast for breakfast yesterday?

===EXERCISES===

Escolha a alternativa correta:

<quiz display=simple>

{I __________ to the weather forecast 5 minutes ago.
|type="()"}
+listened
-listen

{She ___________ the flowers very early this morning.
|type="()"}
-waters
+watered

{He _____________ at me in the middle of the street.
|type="()"}
-shout
+shouted

{They ___________ their room yesterday.
|type="()"}
+cleaned
-clean

{We ____________ TV before going to sleep.
|type="()"}
-watches
+watched

{Sally __________ the dishes last night.
|type="()"}
-washes
+washed

{Mrs. Pointers _____________ her house last year.
|type="()"}
+painted
-paints

{The Roberts ______________ us last month.
|type="()"}
-visits
+visited

{She ____________ tennis when she was young.
|type="()"}
-plays
+played

{Tom ______________ home without money.
|type="()"}
+returned
-return

{Sally and I _______________ home last night.
|type="()"}
-walk
+walked

{Those boys __________________ my car an hour ago.
|type="()"}
+polished
-polish

{It _________________ a lot last week.
|type="()"}
+rained
-rains
</quiz>

Coloque os verbos no passado nas frases abaixo:
<quiz display=simple>
{
|type="{}"}
a. Glenda { talked _6 } to me an hour ago. (talk)
b. We { walked _6 } to school yesterday. (walk)
c. I { entered _7 } this group in January. (enter)
d. Those students { worked _6 } hard last year. (work)
e. He { waited _6 } a long time to see you. (wait)
f. My parents { invested _8 } all their money in the stock market. (invest)
g. Your friend { delivered _9 } your books last night. (deliver)
h. The old man { asked _5 } us to leave the room. (ask)
i. The little dog { followed _8 } her for two hours. (follow)
j. Levi Strauss { invented _8 } the blue jeans. (invent)

</quiz>

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|cUzHd_rbIEg}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| face || day
|-
| ate || break
|-
| faced || great
|-
| mate || lace
|-
| case || late
|}

=Vocabulary=

* To sweep
* To clean
* To use
* To scrub
* Laundry
* Clean
* Dirt
* Dirty
* Clothes
* Towels
* Washing Machine
* Mop
* Bucket
* Broom
* Squeegee
<pre width=40%>
Important Sentences!
- Do the laundry.
- To do the chores
- To clean up the house
- House cleaning
</pre>

==Exercises==

2) Look at the photos and answer the questions, the teacher may ask you to write down your answers or to answer orally:

[[File:Cleaner on airport Sri Lanka.JPG|500px|Cleaner on airport Sri Lanka]]

::a) What is she doing?
::b) What did she use to clean the floor?
::c) Looking at the photo, where do you think she is.

[[File:Woman cleaning toilets.jpg|500px|Woman cleaning toilets]]

::a) What is she doing?
::b) What do you think about this activity?
::c) What is the worst place to clean?

=Review=

1.Translate these sentences to english:
:: a. Como você viajará para o Brasil semana que vem?
:: b. Como você limpa sua casa?
:: c. Quanto tempo você precisa?
:: d. Que tal varrermos a sala agora?
:: e. Quantas vassouras temos em casa?
:: f. Como você está hoje?

2. Change the sentences to the past:
:: a. They work together.
:: b. She studies English.
:: c. He invents this exercise.
:: d. We walk to work.
:: e. They like to play soccer.
:: f. She cleans her room.

3. Change to interrogative and negative.
:: a. He sweeps the floor of the airport.
:: b. John and James do their chores everyday.
:: c. Kyle washed his dirty clothes in his mother's house.
:: d. Maria scrubs her toilet on sundays
:: e. Scheila cleans the floor of her house without buckets.
:: f. Mario uses a squeegee to clean the house up.
:: g. We clean up the house.

4. Ask the right questions for the answers.

<pre width=40%>
Ex:
-Q: When did she clean her house?
-A: She cleaned her house yesterday
</pre>

:: a. He sweeped the floor
:: b. She scrubbed her toilet yesterday
:: c. She whashed her clothes.
:: d. They washed their clothes because they were dirty.
:: e. Because I needed to do the laundry.
:: f. Yes, it is clean.

5. {{describepicture}}

[[File:Broom, sponge and towel.jpg|500px|Broom, sponge and towel]]

=Conversation=

# Do you clean your room/house often?
# What products do you usually use to clean your room/house?
# What cleaning product(s) is/are necessary to have at home? Why?
# When you do the laundry, what is necessary for it?
# How many hangers do you have in your house?
# What chore is the most boring for you? And the best?
# Do you like to clean your house or do you pay someone for it?
# How good do you think people clean someone´s houses? Why?
# Do you know any cleaning tricks?
# Do you think people worked more in the past cleaning the houses? Why?

=Extra Vocab=

==The Utility Room==

* Washing machine
* Bleach
* Detergent
* Dirty clothes hamper
* Dirty clothes
* Dryer
* Hanger
* Ironing board
* Iron
* Scrub brush
* Clothes pin
* Clothes line
* Trash can
* Garbage, trash
* Trash bag
* Vacuum cleaner
* Broom
* Spray bottle
* Dustpan
* Mop
* Bucket

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/utility-room/

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Lesson:Essentials/30

2013-11-27T10:47:50Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

Para contarmos substantivos incontáveis (uncountable nouns) precisamos colocá-los em unidades de medida, recipientes, formatos e porções contáveis.

Ex. Water -> a glass of water, a cup of water, a bottle of water, a liter of water

Usamos as seguintes palavras para contar uncountable nouns.

===Recipientes===

:bag
:bottle
:bowl
:box
:bucket
:can
:carton
:cup
:glass
:jar
:packet
:tub
:tube

===Unidades de Medida===

:liter
:pound
:kilo
:ounce
:pint

===Formatos e porções===

:bar
:pinch
:slice
:spoon
:square

==Fazendo Perguntas==

Quando fazemos perguntas, colocamos os recipientes, unidades de medida, formatos e porções no plural.

Ex.: She wants '''a cup of''' coffee. -> She wants '''two cups of''' coffee.

===Exercises===

1. Caracterize as palavras abaixo em '''countable''' ou '''uncountable''':

Obs.: Utilize o seguinte recurso para fazer este exercício. Você pode achar a informação '''countable''' e '''uncountable''' na definição de '''noun''' de cada palavra.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktionary

* luck
* permission
* ox
* work
* salmon
* crisis
* baggage
* research
* aircraft
* rubbish

2. Faça frases com os seguintes uncountable nouns. Utilize recipientes, unidades de medida, formatos e porções.

:: a. chocolate
:: b. sand
:: c. water
:: d. coffee
:: e. juice
:: f. milk
:: g. cereal
:: h. soda
:: i. toothpaste
:: j. margarine
:: k. bread
:: l. sugar

3. Coloque '''how much''' ou '''how many''' nas perguntas abaixo:

:: a. _______ stars are there in the sky?
:: b. _______ people live on islands?
:: c. _______ birds are there in the San Francisco Zoo?
:: d. _______ countries are there in the world?
:: e. _______ water is there in the Pacific ocean?
:: f. _______ bread do they make every day?
:: g. _______ bones are there in the human body?
:: h. _______ sand is there in the Atacama desert?
:: i. _______ information is there on the Internet?
:: j. _______ money is there in your bank account?
<includeonly>
4. Complete as seguintes frases seguindo o exemplo.

Ex.:

:: a. She needs to buy ________________ rice. ( 1 bag )
:: b.
:: c.
:: d.
:: e.
:: f.
:: g.
:: h.
:: i.
:: j.
:: k.
:: l.
:: m.
:: n.
:: o.

</includeonly>

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|Jz4lkuFOAuU}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| mouth || fowl
|-
| now || couch
|-
| clown || loud
|-
| found || down
|-
| town || mouse
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The Kitchen II==

* Pot
* Skillet
* Spatula
* Tea kettle
* Muffin pan
* Knife
* Cutting board
* Whisk
* Rolling pin
* Dough
* Flour
* Grater
* Colander
* Strainer
* Measuring cup
* Measuring spoons
* Apron
* Stain
* Pantry

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/kitchen2/

=Review=

1. Qual artigo indefinido deve ser colocado antes das palavras a seguir '''a''' ou '''an'''. Escolha o artigo correto e depois escreva uma frase usando o artigo e a palavra:

* dog
* famous actress
* English CD
* end
* younger brother
* older sister
* actress
* aunt
* old bike
* invitation

2. Coloque o verbo '''to be''' na forma correta nos espaços abaixo.

Charlie _____ from Chicago, but Paul and John _____ from New York. Chicago and New York _____ cities in the US. Sandra _____ their friend and she _____ at school today. They _____ in the same class. Paul and John _____ brothers. They _____ in class because they _____ on a trip to Europe to visit their cousin Anne. She _____ a nice girl.

3. Passe as palavras abaixo para o plural. Escolha três delas e faça perguntas:

* product
* lady
* lion
* prize
* tree
* house
* lamp
* Eskimo
* story
* shelf

4. Use o pronome correto para as frases abaixo, veja o exemplo:

:__She___ '''has got a brother. (Diana)'''

:: a. _____ is dreaming. (George)
:: b. _____ is green. (the blackboard)
:: c. _____ are on the wall. (the posters)
:: d. _____ is running. (the dog)
:: e. _____ are watching TV. (my mother and I)
:: f. _____ are in the garden. (the flowers)
:: g. _____ is riding his bike. (Tom)
:: h. _____ is from Bristol. (Victoria)

5. Coloque o possessivo ' ou 's ou '''of''' nos exemplos abaixo:

:: a. (a glass) milk
:: b. (my friend) bike
:: c. (the window) room
:: d. (Mr Smith) car
:: e. (Jack) computer
:: f. (the headteacher) office
:: g. (the number) house
:: h. (two days) work
:: i. (the waiter) shoes
:: j. (Britain) economy

6. Faça perguntas usando a frase e as palavras em parênteses:

:: a. to school? (you/to walk)
:: b. a banana in the morning? (Ronda/to eat)
:: c. parrots? (your father/to like)
:: d. a room with her sister? (Wendy/to share)
:: e. a lot in England? (it/to rain)
:: f. sports after school? (your friends/to practice)
:: g. camping in the summer? (Susan and Jack/to go)
:: h. their friends to the parties? (they/to invite)
:: i. at the bus stop? (we/to wait)
:: j. in the morning? (he/to exercise)

7. Coloque '''some''' ou '''any''':

:: a. Can I have ____ of these kiwis?
:: b. We saw ____ dolphins in the sea.
:: c. They went to town without ____ money.
:: d. Buy ____ apples if you find ____ at the market.
:: e. Would you like ____ more tea?
:: f. Come see me ____ time you want.
:: g. He never does ____ work.
:: h. You can take ____ bus to the city center.
:: i. Peter never gives his mother ____ help.
:: j. There's hardly ____ coffee left.

=Conversation=

# Are you going to be very busy this weekend?
# What are you going to do next week (list 3 things)?
# Are you going to see some friends this weekend? Are you going to get dressed up?
# Are you going on a vacation soon?
# Where are you going to go on your next vacation?
# Are you going to drive, take an airplane, or take the train?
# Are you going to camp or stay in a hotel?
# Are you going to take lots of pictures?

[[Lesson:Essentials/CP21|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/29

2013-11-27T10:47:20Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Go + to, for a, ...ing==

===go to===

Indica destino, finalidade, para onde estamos indo.

:Ex.: I '''go to''' work at 7 am.
: They are '''go'''ing '''to''' England next year.

===go for a===

Indica uma atividade de lazer. Depois desta expressão usamos um substantivo.

Atividades:
*walk (dar uma volta a pé)
*ride (dar uma volta de carro, bicicleta, etc)
*ice-cream (tomar um sorvete)
*movie (assistir a um filme no cinema)
*run (fazer uma corrida)
*drive (andar de carro)
*drink (tomar um drink)

:Ex.: I '''go for a''' walk in the park every morning.
: She will go for a ride on her new bike.

===go ...ing===

Indica uma atividade de lazer ou esporte.

Atividades:

*climbing
*skiing
*swimming
*fishing
*sailing
*walking
*riding
*birdwatching
*shopping
*jogging
*running

:Ex.: I love to '''go walking''' in the morning.
: We will '''go fishing''' next month.
: They are '''go'''ing '''shopping''' this afternoon.

===Exercises===

1. Coloque '''go to''', '''go for a''', ou '''go ...ing''', mais os verbos em parênteses se necessário:

:: a. Are you ________ this afternoon? (shop)
:: b. I'm ________ the dentist after lunch.
:: c. She's ________ right now. (walk)
:: d. We want to ________ after work. (drink)
:: e. What time do you usually ________? (dinner)
:: f. I need to ________ before work this morning. (exercise)
:: g. It's a nice day. Let's ________? (swim)
:: h. Peter is going out later. He has to ________. (a meeting)
:: i. Do you ________ every day? (run)
:: j. John didn't want to ________ the concert.
:: k. Rachel has a small boat and she often ________. (sail)
:: l. Sheila ________ after work this evening. (jog)
:: m. Janice is going on holiday next month. She is ________ Paris.

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|OW95MzdNLsI}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| pair || square
|-
| fair || various
|-
| dared || glared
|-
| bare || spare
|-
| stair || air
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The Kitchen==

* Refrigerator
* Ice tray
* Freezer
* Stove
* Burner
* Oven
* Timer
* Oven mitt
* Crockpot
* Microwave oven
* Toaster
* Toast
* Mixer
* Beater
* Blender
* Food Processor
* Can
* Lid
* Can opener
* Jar
* Sink
* Dishes
* Rag
* Paper towels
* Sponge
* Detergent
* Dishwasher
* Coffee maker
* Coffee
* Coffee Gridner

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/kitchen/

=Review=

1. Coloque as palavras de acordo com as frases abaixo:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

| eats || have || make || drink || like
|-
| play || visits || leaves || plays || speaks
|-
|}

:: a. We _____________ breakfast at 7 o'clock.
:: b. They ______________ to study English.
:: c. That girl ________________ French well.
:: d. The plane ____________________ at 10 o’clock.
:: e. The children __________________ in the park every day.
:: f. John _______________ the piano perfectly.
:: g. You always ____________________ delicious cakes.
:: h. She _________________ her parents every Sunday.
:: i. They usually __________________ much wine.
:: j. Little Peter _________________ fruit every morning.

2. Leia o texto abaixo e em seguida responda as perguntas se procurá-las no texto. Responda de acordo com o que você entendeu e com suas palavras:

:Our Upcoming Family Vacation

:In a month we are going on a family vacation. My mom and dad are going to drive us to the coast. The drive is going to take two days. I'm going to sit in the front and my brother is going to sit in the back. I'm going to read the map and tell dad where to go. We are going to bring a tent and camp on the way. We are going to visit new places and new cities. I'm going to take lots of pictures. We are going to swim in the ocean when we get there. I'm going to collect shells and look for jellyfish. My brother and I are going to build sandcastles. I can't wait. It's going to be so much fun!

:: a. When are they going on vacation?
:: b. Where are they planning to go to?
:: c. How long is the drive?
:: d. Where are they planning to sleep?

3. Passe as frases abaixo para o negativo e depois para o interrogativo:

:: a. We tell them about our plans.
:: b. He eats lunch in the cafeteria.
:: c. She lives in New York.
:: d. We use our books at home.
:: e. You play tennis very well.
:: f. That child likes ice-cream.

4. Use a forma correta do verbo '''to have''' ('''has''', '''have''') nas frases abaixo:

:: a. Marylin and Robert _______ three children.
:: b. Birds _______ feathers.
:: c. This book _______ one hundred pages.
:: d. My car _______ 4 doors.
:: e. Our teacher _______ a cold today.
:: f. That businessman _______ a lot of money.
:: g. Some big cities _______ a lot of crime.
:: h. We _______ three bedrooms in our house.
:: i. I _______ a lot of work to do today.
:: j. She _______ a doctor's appointment today.

5. Pratique fazendo perguntas e dando respostas curtas com o verbo '''to have'''. Veja o exemplo abaixo:

: Do you have a cold?
: Yes, I do. ('''I have a cold''')

:: a. (He has a big family.)
:: b. (They don't have a car.)
:: c. (I have a lot of work to do.)
:: d. (She doesn't have blue eyes.)
:: e. (We have a big classroom.)
:: f. (I don't have a pet.)
:: g. (They have a large garden.)
:: h. (He doesn't have a beard.)

6. Dê três exemplos com o verbo '''go''' abaixo:

* go to –
* go for a –
* go …ing -

=Conversation=

# Where do you live?
# What is your best friend's name?
# What is your family doing right now?
# What kind of music do you like?
# Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to music? Why?
# What are you wearing today?
# What is the person beside you doing?
# Do you like to go out on the weekends?
# Where do you usually go?
# What do you like doing in your free time?

[[Lesson:Essentials/30|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/28

2013-11-27T10:46:59Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

Frases imperativas são utilizadas para dar conselhos, instruções, comandos e fazer pedidos.

Exemplos:

{| class="prettytable"
| Do not enter!
|-
| Wait here!
|-
| Call me when you get there.
|-
| Write your name on this sheet of paper, please.
|}

Obs.:

* Frases imperativas podem ser apenas afirmativas ou negativas. Não existem perguntas imperativas.
* Frases afirmativas começam com um verbo.
* Frases negativas começam com '''don't'''.

===Exercises===

:1. Mude as frases do afirmativo para o negativo:

:: a. Go outside.
:: b. Give this to him.
:: c. Put your books on the table.
:: d. Buy that newspaper.
:: e. Turn off the radio.
:: f. Let's go.
:: g. Call me in the morning.
:: h. Tell me about Mary.
:: i. Let's dance.

:2. Mude as frases do negativo para o afirmativo:

:: a. Don't open the door.
:: b. Don't close the window.
:: c. Let's not visit her.
:: d. Don't come early.
:: e. Don't help him.
:: f. Don't sit there.
:: g. Don't call him now.
:: h. Don't open your books.
:: i. Don't read that letter.

:3. Escolha a alternative correta:

:: a. Don't (open, wait) the window.
:: b. Let's not (invite, buy) her.
:: c. (Wait, Go) for me.
:: d. Don't (read, disturb) her.
:: e. Let's not (call, sit) the girls.
:: f. (Put, Wait) the magazine on the table.
:: g. Don't (eat, drink) that milk.
:: h. (Sit, Wash) on the sofa.
:: i. Let's (listen, buy) to him.
:: j. Don't (come, tell) after 10 o'clock.

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|mVU046CCnuI}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| boat || know
|-
| show || goat
|-
| no || coat
|-
| sew || dough
|-
| flow || throat
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The Dinning Room==

* Eating utensils
* Spoon
* Fork
* Knife
* Chop sticks
* Plate
* Bowl
* Salt shaker
* Salt
* Pepper shaker
* Pepper
* Napkin
* Napkin ring
* Place setting
* Place mat
* Table
* Tablecloth
* Pitcher
* Glass
* Cup
* Saucer
* Straw
* Mug
* Ladle
* Bottle
* Bottle cap
* Bottle opener
* Cork
* Corkscrew
* Wine glass

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/dining-room/

=Review=

1. Faça perguntas, seguindo o modelo:

:'''I’m going to visit Tom tonight. (What time / visit)'''
: What time are you going to visit Tom?

:: a. I’m going to the supermarket.(What / buy)
:: b. Jane is going to Rio this afternoon.(What flight / take)
:: c. We’re going to a party tonight.(What time / be back)
:: d. My children are going to learn tennis.(When / start)
:: e. My brother is going to buy a car.(What car / buy)
:: f. My sister is going to quit her job. (Why / quit)
:: g. My parents are going to buy an apartment.(How much / pay for)
:: h. My company is going to fire many people. (How many people / fire)
:: i. My wife is going to cook dinner. (What / cook)
:: j. Our friends are going to sell their house. (Why / sell)
:: k. My mother is going to arrive at six o’clock. (You / wait for)
:: l. It’s my girlfriend’s birthday tomorrow. (What / you / give)
:: m. Don is taking his exam tomorrow. (Do you think / pass)
:: n. Marie and Fred are in love. (Do you think / get married)
:: o. The sky is so dark. (Do you think / rain)
:: p. I’m finishing this report. (You / print / now)
:: q. The telephone is ringing. (You / answer)

2. Leia o texto abaixo e em seguida responda as perguntas. Tente não procurar as respostas no texto, elabora uma resposta baseado no que você leu e entendeu do texto:

:The Walkers

:This is Susan and Terry. They are married. They live in a big city. This is their daughter Amy. Amy is singing. She loves singing pop music. She wants to be a singer. This is their son Chris. Chris is studying. He hates studying. He wants to be a fireman. Their dog is playing on the floor. Her name is Roxie. Roxie is waiting for a walk. Susan and Terry are making dinner. They like to cook together. Terry is chopping vegetables and Susan is making pasta. Their friends Jane and Barry are coming over for dinner tonight. The Walkers have lots of friends. They like to go out on the weekends. They like going to the movies or going to the theater.

:: a. Where do Susan and Terry live?
:: b. What is their daughter’s name? What is she doing?
:: c. What does Chris want to be?
:: d. Who is Roxie?
:: e. What is Roxie doing?
:: f. Who is making dinner? What is Terry doing?
:: g. Who is coming over for dinner?
:: h. What do the Walkers like to do on the weekends?

3. Complete as frases usando a forma correta dos verbos, veja o exemplo:

: I usually ________ at 7:00, but today I ________ at 6:30 because I have an appointment at work. (get up)
: I usually '''get up''' at 7:00, but today I '''am getting up''' at 6:30 because I have an appointment at work.

:: a. Brucey never ________ cakes, but she ________ one today because it is her husband´s birthday. (bake)
:: b. David always ________ to work, but he ________ the bus today because it is raining very hard. (walk, take)
:: c. They usually ________ the local newspaper, but today they ________ a national newspaper. (read)
:: d. The children usually ________________ a bath in the evening, but tonight they ________ a shower. (have, take)
:: e. I often ________ cereal for breakfast, but today I ________ eggs. (eat)
:: f. Robert never ________ a tie to work, but he ________ one today because he has an important appointment. (wear)
:: g. Mr. Sandler usually ________ work at 5:30, but he ________ early today because it is his wife's birthday. (leave)
:: h. Bruce always ________ at Target, but today she ________ at Walmart because there is a god sale there. (shop)
:: i. Jane and Jack never ________ wine, but they ________ wine today because it is their anniversary. (drink)

4. Vamos trabalhar com os vocabulários estudados até agora. Dê o nome de pratos que possuam as comidas abaixo:

* lettuce
* mushroom
* pepper
* sweet potatoes
* cucumber
* peas
* eggplant
* bell pepper
* garlic
* green onion

5. Coloque o '''there to be''' na forma correta nas frases abaixo:

:: a. ____________ an accident on First Avenue.
:: b. ____________ anybody in room 201 now?
:: c. ____________ doubts about your project.
:: d. ____________ a man waiting for me now.
:: e. ____________ two men there now.
:: f. How many pencils ____________ in the box?
:: g. Can you tell me how many people ____________ in the room now?
:: h. ____________ five people at the meeting now.
:: i. ____________ a big show on TV tonight.

=Conversation=

# Where does your brother / sister live?
# How often do you go to the dentist?
# When does your class begin?
# How much does it cost to fly from São Paulo to New York?
# What time do you get up on weekends?
# How often do you visit your grandparents?
# What are you going to do after class today?
# What sports do you like to play?
# What do you need to do next weekend?
# Who prepares dinner in your house?

[[Lesson:Essentials/29|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/28

2013-11-27T10:46:42Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

Frases imperativas são utilizadas para dar conselhos, instruções, comandos e fazer pedidos.

Exemplos:

{| class="prettytable"
| Do not enter!
|-
| Wait here!
|-
| Call me when you get there.
|-
| Write your name on this sheet of paper, please.
|}

Obs.:

* Frases imperativas podem ser apenas afirmativas ou negativas. Não existem perguntas imperativas.
* Frases afirmativas começam com um verbo.
* Frases negativas começam com '''don't'''.

===Exercises===

:1. Mude as frases do afirmativo para o negativo:

:: a. Go outside.
:: b. Give this to him.
:: c. Put your books on the table.
:: d. Buy that newspaper.
:: e. Turn off the radio.
:: f. Let's go.
:: g. Call me in the morning.
:: h. Tell me about Mary.
:: i. Let's dance.

:2. Mude as frases do negativo para o afirmativo:

:: a. Don't open the door.
:: b. Don't close the window.
:: c. Let's not visit her.
:: d. Don't come early.
:: e. Don't help him.
:: f. Don't sit there.
:: g. Don't call him now.
:: h. Don't open your books.
:: i. Don't read that letter.

:3. Escolha a alternative correta:

:: a. Don't (open, wait) the window.
:: b. Let's not (invite, buy) her.
:: c. (Wait, Go) for me.
:: d. Don't (read, disturb) her.
:: e. Let's not (call, sit) the girls.
:: f. (Put, Wait) the magazine on the table.
:: g. Don't (eat, drink) that milk.
:: h. (Sit, Wash) on the sofa.
:: i. Let's (listen, buy) to him.
:: j. Don't (come, tell) after 10 o'clock.

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|mVU046CCnuI}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| boat || know
|-
| show || goat
|-
| no || coat
|-
| sew || dough
|-
| flow || throat
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The Dinning Room==

* Eating utensils
* Spoon
* Fork
* Knife
* Chop sticks
* Plate
* Bowl
* Salt shaker
* Salt
* Pepper shaker
* Pepper
* Napkin
* Napkin ring
* Place setting
* Place mat
* Table
* Tablecloth
* Pitcher
* Glass
* Cup
* Saucer
* Straw
* Mug
* Ladle
* Bottle
* Bottle cap
* Bottle opener
* Cork
* Corkscrew
* Wine glass

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/dining-room/

=Review=

1. Faça perguntas, seguindo o modelo:

:'''I’m going to visit Tom tonight. (What time / visit)'''
: What time are you going to visit Tom?

:: a. I’m going to the supermarket.(What / buy)
:: b. Jane is going to Rio this afternoon.(What flight / take)
:: c. We’re going to a party tonight.(What time / be back)
:: d. My children are going to learn tennis.(When / start)
:: e. My brother is going to buy a car.(What car / buy)
:: f. My sister is going to quit her job. (Why / quit)
:: g. My parents are going to buy an apartment.(How much / pay for)
:: h. My company is going to fire many people. (How many people / fire)
:: i. My wife is going to cook dinner. (What / cook)
:: j. Our friends are going to sell their house. (Why / sell)
:: k. My mother is going to arrive at six o’clock. (You / wait for)
:: l. It’s my girlfriend’s birthday tomorrow. (What / you / give)
:: m. Don is taking his exam tomorrow. (Do you think / pass)
:: n. Marie and Fred are in love. (Do you think / get married)
:: o. The sky is so dark. (Do you think / rain)
:: p. I’m finishing this report. (You / print / now)
:: q. The telephone is ringing. (You / answer)

2. Leia o texto abaixo e em seguida responda as perguntas. Tente não procurar as respostas no texto, elabora uma resposta baseado no que você leu e entendeu do texto:

:The Walkers

:This is Susan and Terry. They are married. They live in a big city. This is their daughter Amy. Amy is singing. She loves singing pop music. She wants to be a singer. This is their son Chris. Chris is studying. He hates studying. He wants to be a fireman. Their dog is playing on the floor. Her name is Roxie. Roxie is waiting for a walk. Susan and Terry are making dinner. They like to cook together. Terry is chopping vegetables and Susan is making pasta. Their friends Jane and Barry are coming over for dinner tonight. The Walkers have lots of friends. They like to go out on the weekends. They like going to the movies or going to the theater.

:: a. Where do Susan and Terry live?
:: b. What is their daughter’s name? What is she doing?
:: c. What does Chris want to be?
:: d. Who is Roxie?
:: e. What is Roxie doing?
:: f. Who is making dinner? What is Terry doing?
:: g. Who is coming over for dinner?
:: h. What do the Walkers like to do on the weekends?

3. Complete as frases usando a forma correta dos verbos, veja o exemplo:

: I usually ________ at 7:00, but today I ________ at 6:30 because I have an appointment at work. (get up)
: I usually '''get up''' at 7:00, but today I '''am getting up''' at 6:30 because I have an appointment at work.

:: a. Brucey never ________ cakes, but she ________ one today because it is her husband´s birthday. (bake)
:: b. David always ________ to work, but he ________ the bus today because it is raining very hard. (walk, take)
:: c. They usually ________ the local newspaper, but today they ________ a national newspaper. (read)
:: d. The children usually ________________ a bath in the evening, but tonight they ________ a shower. (have, take)
:: e. I often ________ cereal for breakfast, but today I ________ eggs. (eat)
:: f. Robert never ________ a tie to work, but he ________ one today because he has an important appointment. (wear)
:: g. Mr. Sandler usually ________ work at 5:30, but he ________ early today because it is his wife's birthday. (leave)
:: h. Bruce always ________ at Target, but today she ________ at Walmart because there is a god sale there. (shop)
:: i. Jane and Jack never ________ wine, but they ________ wine today because it is their anniversary. (drink)

4. Vamos trabalhar com os vocabulários estudados até agora. Dê o nome de pratos que possuam as comidas abaixo:

* lettuce
* mushroom
* pepper
* sweet potatoes
* cucumber
* peas
* eggplant
* bell pepper
* garlic
* green onion

5. Coloque o '''there to be''' na forma correta nas frases abaixo:

:: a. ____________ an accident on First Avenue.
:: b. ____________ anybody in room 201 now?
:: c. ____________ doubts about your project.
:: d. ____________ a man waiting for me now.
:: e. ____________ two men there now.
:: f. How many pencils ____________ in the box?
:: g. Can you tell me how many people ____________ in the room now?
:: h. ____________ five people at the meeting now.
:: i. ____________ a big show on TV tonight.

=Conversation=

# Where does your brother / sister live?
# How often do you go to the dentist?
# When does your class begin?
# How much does it cost to fly from São Paulo to New York?
# What time do you get up on weekends?
# How often do you visit your grandparents?
# What are you going to do after class today?
# What sports do you like to play?
# What do you need to do next weekend?
# Who prepares dinner in your house?

<headertabs />
[[Lesson:Essentials/29|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/27

2013-11-27T10:45:57Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Adverbs of Manner==

Adverbs of manner, ou advérbios de modo, são palavras que explicam como uma ação acontece.

Alguém pode ler um livro de vários modos.

:Por exemplo:

{| class="prettytable"
| She reads books quickly. (quickly = rapidamente)
|-
| They read books hurriedly. (hurriedly = apressadamente)
|}

Note que advérbios de modo em português frequentemente terminam em -mente, enquanto em inglês geralmente eles terminam em -ly.

{| class="prettytable"
| politely || educadamente
|-
| easily || facilmente
|-
| rudely || grosseiramente
|-
| correctly || corretamente
|-
| safely || com segurança
|-
| neatly || organizadamente
|-
| calmly || calmamente
|}

Porém, alguns deles não seguem o padrão descrito acima.

{| class="prettytable"
| hard || duramente, profundamente
|-
| well || bem
|-
| fast || rapidamente
|-
| straight || corretamente
|}

===EXERCISES===

1. Mude os adjetivos em parêntese para advérbios:

:: a. My friend has a beautiful voice. She sings ____________. (beautiful)
:: b. That guy runs ____________. He wins every competition. (quick)
:: c. You have to do your homework ____________ to get a good grade. (correct)
:: d. Now the windshield is clean. I can see ____________. (clear)
:: e. The dancers dance ____________ around the stage. (graceful)
:: f. That joke is funny. I always laugh ____________ when you tell it. (loud)
:: g. The teacher speaks ____________ to the new students. (kind)
:: h. The children eat their snacks ____________. (noisy)
:: i. The new girl introduced herself ___________ to the class. (shy)
:: j. The big waves crashed ____________. (violent)

2. Coloque os advérbios da tabela abaixo nas frases. Use um em cada sentença:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

| politely || rudely || easily || correctly
|-
| safely || fast || calmly || sleepily
|}

:: a. That man walks ___________.
:: b. She is treating the clients _____________.
:: c. I want you to do this exercise ___________.
:: d. Everyone can do this lesson ___________.
:: e. The little girl is talking ___________ on the bed.
:: f. The teacher speaks ___________ with the students.
:: g. He needs to go there ___________.
:: h. She always speaks with the people ___________.

3. Escreva frases com os seguintes advérbios.

: a. politely
: b. easily
: c. rudely
: d. correctly
: e. safely
: f. neatly
: g. calmly
: h. hard
: i. well
: j. fast
: k. straight

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|o0FWLH4_YUI}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| choice || boy
|-
| boiler || noise
|-
| toy || enjoy
|-
| boiler || embroider
|-
| buoy || oil
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The Den / The Living Room==

* Chair
* Armchair
* Rocking chair
* Stool
* Shelves
* Bookcase
* Couch, sofa
* Cushion
* Coffee table
* Vase
* Pipe
* Cigarette
* Cigarette but
* Smoke
* Fireplace
* Fire
* Match
* Lighter
* Matchbox
* Rug
* Carpet

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/den/

=Review=

1. Substitua as palavras em negrito pelos pronomes da tabela abaixo:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

| I || my || mine || me
|-
| you || your || yours || you
|-
| he || his || his || him
|-
| she || her || hers || her
|-
| it || its || its || it
|-
| we || our || ours || us
|-
| you || your || yours || you
|-
| they|| their || theirs || them

|}

:: a. '''Monkeys''' are very intelligent animals.
:: b. '''The teacher''' is doing '''her work''' in the teacher’s room.
:: c. What’s the problem with '''the girls'''?
:: d. Where are '''Bill and Frank'''?
:: e. '''My sister and I''' are sick today.
:: f. '''Carbon dioxide''' isn’t good to our health.
:: g. '''The lawyer''' is talking to '''his daughter'''.
:: h. My father always gives a present to '''my brother and me'''.
:: i. What are '''the dogs''' doing in the office?

2. Se você fosse construir uma casa, quais cômodos você gostaria que ela tivesse? Tente descrever a casa/apartamento dos seus sonhos.

3. Substitua o texto escrito na primeira pessoa ‘ I’ para a terceira pessoa ‘ he,she’. Não esqueça de fazer as alterações nos pronomes possessivos também:

:I get up at six o'clock every day and I open the windows. I have breakfast with my family. I drink juice and coffee for breakfast. I like to eat bread and cheese for breakfast, too. At eight o'clock I go to school by bus. I don't have a car yet, but I want to buy one. At school, I speak English with my teacher and Portuguese with my friends.
:At two o'clock p.m. I play tennis at the club with my brother and my sister. After this, I drink some water and I take my friends to the movies. Then I smoke a cigarette and I go to visit my cousin. I like to eat at the restaurant with my cousin. I don't like to cook. I don't know how to cook.
:In the evening, I read the newspaper and I write some letters to my relatives. I take the letters to the post office downtown and I buy some books for my children.
:At night, I stay at home and I help my children with their homework. I study English and I go to bed at eleven o’clock. I usually sleep six or eight hours.

4. Siga o exemplo e faça perguntas:

:Example: My family is living in Spain now.
:Question: Where is your family living now?

:: a. They're having turkey for dinner.
:: b. We're waiting for our Spanish cousins.
:: c. They're speaking Chinese.
:: d. I'm enjoying the cocktail very much.
:: e. She's trying to start her car.
:: f. They're checking their car oil.
:: g. The washing machine is working perfectly.
:: h. I'm living with my parents for the time being.
:: i. She's writing her autobiography.
:: j. He's making a tropical seafood salad.
:: k. They’re buying clothes.

5. Faça perguntas para as colocações abaixo. Em seguida escreva a resposta com a colocação e acrescente algo mais para deixar a resposta completa. Veja o exemplo:

::'''always walks to work'''
: você - How does your father go to work?
: você - He always walks to work when it´s sunny.

:: a. has two sisters
:: b. is wearing brown socks today
:: c. doesn't like chocolate
:: d. plays the piano
:: e. lives in a two-bedroom apartment
:: f. never drinks coffee
:: g. is wearing contact lenses now
:: h. has a birthday to go
:: i. want to watch a movie
:: j. need to go to the bank
:: k. prefers Italian food
:: l. don’t have to study

=Conversation=

# Do you spend much time on the phone every day?
# Where do you work / study?
# What is the first thing you do when you get home?
# Do you have many meetings at work ?
# Do you meet your family often?
# Does anyone in your family speak English?
# When do you go out for lunch with your friends?
# What time do you have to leave home in the morning?
# Would you like to live abroad?
# What's your profession?

[[Lesson:Essentials/28|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/26

2013-11-27T10:45:39Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Usando o ''''s''' como possessivo==

Já vimos [[Lesson:Essentials/13|na lição 13]] como usar pronomes possessivos (his, her, their, etc).

Agora vamos ver com usar o apóstrofo + s para indicar posse.

===Examples===

{| class="prettytable"
| Jane's car is very expensive. || O carro de Jane é caro.
|-
| My friend's house is in New York. || A casa do meu amigo fica em Nova Iorque.
|-
| The boy's toy is in the park. || O brinquedo do menino está no parque.
|-
| The boys' toys are in the park. || Os brinquedos dos meninos estão no parque.
|-
| The boys' toy is in the park. || O brinquedo dos meninos está no parque.
|}

'''Observações!'''

#Se a palavra termina em '''s''', apenas colocamos o apóstrofo, sem ser seguido de '''s''' novamente, como o 4º exemplo.
#Note também que a ordem em inglês é inversa. Para "O carro de Jane" em inglês fica "Jane's car".
#Cuidado para não confundir '''s''' de plural com '''s''' de possessivo.

===EXERCISES===

1. Coloque ' ou 's:
:: a. Don ___ car is in the garage.
:: b. They sell ladies ___ hats in this store.
:: c. The women ___ husbands are late.
:: d. My friends ___ sisters are beautiful.
:: e. Mr. Simpson ___ secretary is outside.
:: f. I don't like boys ___ shoes.
:: g. The doctor ___ wife is very intelligent.

2. Coloque as frases no caso possessivo:
:: a. The dresses of the girls.
:: b. The tail of the dog.
:: c. The toys of the babies.
:: d. The books of my brothers.
:: e. The idea of Mary.
:: f. The skirt of my mother.

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|jryrW2353d0}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| price || high
|-
| try || eye
|-
| cry || strike
|-
| spy || fry
|-
| dry || nice
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Indoors==

* Window
* Pane
* Curtains
* Chandelier
* Blinds
* Light switch
* Lamp
* Lampshade
* Light bulb
* Candle
* Flame
* Wick
* Wax
* Candlestick
* Air conditioner
* Thermostat
* Fan
* Radiator
* Heating

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/indoors/

=Review=

1. Reescreva as frases colocando ' ou 's onde for necessário:

:: a. The boy and the girl trousers are dirty.
:: b. John and Alice mother is very beautiful.
:: c. We can meet at Bob.
:: d. My father-in-law car is very old.
:: e. She is going to the dentist.
:: f. They are buying their wives presents.
:: g. The cats legs are hurt.
:: h. The princess crown is delicate.

2. Leia o texto e responda às questões abaixo:

: My Classmates

: My name is Charlie and this is my classroom, and these are my classmates. My best friend's name is Andrew. He is writing on the blackboard. My other friend Amy is funny. She is talking and telling jokes to Bradley. They aren't listening to the teacher. The kid in the front row is throwing a paper airplane. The teacher is looking at the map, so she doesn't see the airplane. I'm standing near the window looking outside. It's a beautiful day. I would love to go outside right now.

:: a. What's Charlie's best friend's name?
:: b. What's his best friend doing?
:: c. What's Amy doing?
:: d. Are they listening to the teacher?
:: e. What does Charlie want to do?

3. Faça uma árvore genealógica da sua família colocando os nomes e grau de parentesco deles.

4. Complete as frases abaixo com a correta forma do verbo '''to be''' e as palavras listadas abaixo. Use '''a''' ou '''an''' com palavras singulares ou a forma correta no plural.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

| season || weapon || car
|-
| continent || painting || bird
|-
| city || country || toy
|-
| animal || appliance || book

|}

::Ex.: Winter is a season.

:: a. Europe and Asia
:: b. A cat
:: c. A Mercedes
:: d. New York and Paris
:: e. Canada
:: f. A dictionary
:: g. Spring and fall
:: h. Guns
:: i. A doll
:: j. The Mona Lisa
:: k. Parrots
:: l. A refrigerator

5. Reescreva as frases na ordem correta:

:: a. do how school get to you?
:: b. bus I take the.
:: c. bike I my ride.
:: d. drives mother my me to work.
:: e. take train the I to school.
:: f. time wake what do you up?
:: g. have do what lunch time you?
:: h. dinner eat I 9:30 at
:: i. go bed 11:00 you to at do?

6. Use a forma correta do verbo '''to have''' nas formas afirmativas e negativas nas frases seguintes:

:: a. Marylin and Robert ______ three children.
:: b. Birds ______ feathers.
:: c. My car ______ 4 doors.
:: d. Our teacher ______ a cold today.
:: e. A dog ______ six legs.
:: f. Some big cities ______ a lot of crime.
:: g. Fish ______ fins but they ______ feathers.
:: h. I ______ a lot of work to do today.
:: i. She ______ a doctor's appointment today.
:: j. That businessman ______ a lot of money.
:: k. Canada ______ a lot of land, but it ______ a lot of people.
:: l. We ______ three bedrooms in our house.
:: m. Cars ______4 wheels, but a bicycle ______ two wheels.
:: n. High rise buildings ______ elevators, but my house only ______ stairs.

= Conversation =

# Do you have any English books at home?
# What are some of the things you like to do in the city on weekends?
# What is your favorite food? How often do you eat it?
# What do you usually have for breakfast?
# Do you prefer to drink milk or coffee?
# When do you usually connect to Facebook?
# Where do you like to go when you're on vacation?
# Do you prefer the summer or the winter? Why?
# What's your email address? How many emails do you have?
# What do you need to do today after class?

[[Lesson:Essentials/27|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/25

2013-11-27T10:44:54Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Any / No==

Na lição anterior vimos o uso de '''some'''. Hoje, vamos ver '''any''' e '''no'''.

Traduzimos '''any''' de três formas diferentes.

::Em frases afirmativas, '''any''' significa '''qualquer um'''.
::Em frases negativas, junto com '''not''', '''nenhum'''.
::Em frases interrogativas, '''algum''' ou '''alguma'''.

Em frases negativas, podemos substituir '''not + any''' por '''no'''.

===Examples===

{| class="prettytable"
| + || '''Any''' person can help you with the project.
|-
| - || I do'''n't''' have '''any''' friends in the US.
|-
| - || I have '''no''' friends in the US.
|-
| ? || Do you have '''any''' friends in the US?
|}

===EXERCISES===

1. Complete com '''any''' or '''no'''

:: a. We have __________ money to buy a car.
:: b. We don't have ____________ money to go to the movies.
:: c. He doesn't talk to ____________ girls at school.
:: d. We have ____________ chance to go there.
:: e. I don't use ___________ of my pencils to write.
:: f. They don't give us ___________ information.
:: g. You can take _________ chairs you want from this room.
:: h. Are there __________ fruits in the kitchen?
:: i. There aren't ___________ flowers in the vase.
:: j. Sorry! I have __________ money to give you.

2. Faça frases com as seguintes expressões

:: a. no time
:: b. any money
:: c. any book
:: d. no shoes
:: e. any party
:: f. no friends

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|Fob_Mv84JXE}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| tour || jury
|-
| cure || pure
|-
| mature || dure
|-
| lure || endure
|-
| immure || obscure
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The Garden==

* Rake
* Hoe
* Shovel
* Spade
* Clippers
* Gardener
* Watering Can
* Pot
* Sprinkler
* Seed
* Seed packet
* Garden hose
* Seedling
* Lawn mower
* Tool shed
* Latch

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/garden/

=Review=

1. Escreva as frases seguindo o exemplo:

: I have many friends / brothers / money
: I have many brothers.
: I have much money.
:: a. I need to go home / school / movies / downtown
:: b. I don't have much time / money / cars
:: c. She would like to play outside / sing / dance
:: d. We want to eat / he / my sister
:: e. When do you call your friends? / father / she

2. Coloque a forma correta dos possessivos:

:: a. John is writing ______ composition so he won't help us write _____.
:: b. The boys are waiting for ______ girlfriends.
:: c. Ted, are those some of ______ friends?
:: d. That girl is asking about ______ pen.
:: e. He knows ______ lesson well and I also know ______.
:: f. I love ______ country, do you love ______?
:: g. The women are preparing ______ sandwiches.

3. Leia o texto prestando bastante atenção, em seguida responda às perguntas sem copiar:
:My Sister Kimmy
:I have an older sister. Her name is Kimmy. Kimmy is 21 years old. She lives in Paris. Kimmy loves cars, motorbikes, and speedboats. Kimmy is a mechanic. She fixes cars and motorbikes. After work Kimmy drives home in her sports car. Kimmy's favorite car is the Corvette. She wants to buy a Corvette when she is older.

:: a. Where does Kimmy live and what does she love?
:: b. What's Kimmy's profession?
:: c. What does Kimmy fix?
:: d. What car does Kimmy want to buy?

4. Escreva frases com as seguintes palavras:

* shovel
* pot
* gate
* driveway
* chain
* chimney
* wall
* lock
* lawn mower
* watering can

5. Escreva um pequeno parágrafo sobre coisas que você faz em casa, jardim. Não esqueça de usar as palavras novas das lições.

6. Corrija as seguintes frases quando necessário:
:: a. Would you like any tea?
:: b. They never bring any food home.
:: c. If you have no problems, call me.
:: d. Can you lend me no money?
:: e. We have some questions about this project.
:: f. We left home without no blouse.
:: g. Please, don’t put no sugar in my coffee.

7. Faça cinco frases usando '''will''' e cinco usando '''going to''', mostrando a diferença entre eles:

=Conversation=

# What is your brother/sister doing now?
# Where do you go on weekends?
# How do you come to your English class?
# What's your favorite movie?
# How many friends do you have?
# Do you like to go to the beach?
# What sports do you play?
# Does your neighbor speak English?
# Do you usually go downtown?
# What languages do you speak?

[[Lesson:Essentials/26|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/24

2013-11-27T10:44:32Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Some==

Na lição 20 vimos o uso das expressões "'''there is'''" e "'''there are'''". Com frequência, elas vem seguidas das palavras '''some''', '''any''' e '''no'''.

Hoje veremos o uso da palavra '''some'''.

'''Some''' pode ser traduzido para português de duas formas: '''um pouco de''' e '''alguns'''.

A diferença é o uso com [[Lesson:Essentials/2 | countable e uncountable nouns]].

===Examples===

{| class="prettytable"
! Countable || Uncountable
|-
| some cars || some water
|-
| some houses || some time
|-
| some computers || some money
|}

'''Atenção!''' Note que some + countable, o substantivo está sempre no plural.

===Uso===

'''Some''' é, na maior parte das vezes, utilizado em frases afirmativas. Veremos na próxima lição que usamos '''any''' para as frases negativas.

Há, no entanto, um caso onde usamos o '''some''' em perguntas.

Quando oferecemos algo, ou esperamos uma resposta afirmativa, podemos usar o some para fazer perguntas.

* Would you like some water?
* Do you need some time to think?

Podemos seguir a palavra '''some''' da preposição '''of''' para falar: '''um pouco do''', '''um pouco da''', '''alguns dos''', '''algumas das'''

* Some of the people want to go home.
* We will give some of the money to charity.
* Some of the projects are ready.

===Exercises===

1. Traduza as seguintes frases

:: a. Têm alguns carros vermelhos na rua.
:: b. Algumas pessoas estão esperando por você. (esperando por = waiting for)
:: c. Têm alguns problemas com o projeto. (com = with)
:: d. Ela quer dar um pouco do dinheiro para a sua irmã.
:: e. Você gostaria de um pouco de chá?
:: f. Você gostaria de conhecer alguns dos meus amigos? (conhecer = meet)
:: g. Você quer beber um pouco desta água? (desta = de + esta = of this)
:: h. Você gostaria de um pouco de leite?
:: i. Você quer um pouco de ajuda?

2. Faça frases com as seguintes expressões

:: a. some cars
:: b. some water
:: c. some houses
:: d. some time
:: e. some computers
:: f. some money

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|mZDX0UTS7RY}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ear || beer
|-
| hear || deer
|-
| weary || here
|-
| fear || near
|-
| dear || clear
|}

=Vocabulary=

==The House==

* Roof
* Attic
* Chimney
* Shingles
* Shutter
* Garage
* Driveway
* Sidewalk
* Curb
* Street
* Yard
* Room
* Ceiling
* Floor
* Hall, hallway
* Wall
* Gate
* Fence
* Door
* Peephole
* Doorbell
* Door mat
* Knocker
* Door knob
* Keyhole
* Door handle
* Keys
* Key chain
* Locks
* Padlock
* Combination lock
* Chain

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/house/

=Review=

1. Descreva itens que você tem no seu quarto usando as seguintes expressões.

*There is a
*There are some

2. Diga em inglês todas as cores que você lembra.

3. Traduza as seguintes frases.

:: a. She is going to a marketing conference.
:: b. When are you coming back from your trip?
:: c. How about going to a Chinese restaurant?
:: d. Do you know where my mother is?
:: e. What is the name of your mother?
:: f. He loves to eat pasta.
:: g. When are you coming to visit me?
:: h. How tall is your father?
:: i. Where do you go on Christmas?
:: j. Mike doesn't like Chinese food.
:: k. I usually work in the morning.
:: l. She sometimes travels to her hometown.

4. Complete as frases.

:: a. In the morning, I always...
:: b. When I travel to New York, I will...
:: c. How long is...
:: d. Where is the...
:: e. I need a...
:: f. I want to buy an...
:: g. They don't like to...
:: h. Does she study...
:: i. Is your brother...
:: j. I think they won't...
:: k. What do you...

5. Faça 10 frases usando '''much''', '''many''' e '''a lot of'''.

6. Soletre as seguintes palavras.

*Water
*Ice cube
*Coffee
*Tea
*Coke
*Soda
*Soft drink
*Milkshake
*Milk
*Ice cream
*Smoothie
*Strawberry
*Banana
*Alcoholic drinks
*Wine
*Beer
*Head of beer
*Foam
*Cocktail

7. Diga a hora.

::Ex.: 6:30 -> Six, thirty

Você pode usar as seguintes expressões:

*'''a quarter past''' para 15 minutos depois de uma certa hora

::Ex.: 9:15 -> a quarter past nine

*'''half past''' para meia (half) hora depois de uma certa hora

::Ex.: 10:30 -> half past ten

*'''a quarter to''' quinze minutos para as

::Ex.: 4:45 -> a quarter to five

*'''o'clock''' em ponto

::Ex.: 7:00 -> 7 o'clock

*7:40
*3:15
*1:20
*5:55
*6:15
*2:00
*8:30
*1:23
*11:00

=Conversation=

# What are the names of your parents?
# Do you prefer chicken or red meat?
# Where do you go on Christmas?
# Where do you study or work?
# What is your profession?
# Do you like Italian food?
# What time do you wake up in the morning?
# What time do you arrive at work?
# Do you visit your family often?
# How many times a week do you go to the bank?
# How many times a week do you go to the supermarket?
# How many times a day do you eat?
# How many times a month do you go to the movies?

[[Lesson:Essentials/25|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/23

2013-11-27T10:43:56Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==Would==

'''Would''', assim como '''will''' e '''do''', é um verbo auxiliar. Ele forma o tempo verbal que, em português, chamamos de futuro do pretérito simples.

De forma mais simples, podemos entender este tempo verbal como aquele que termina em '''ia'''.

Por exemplo, '''faria''', '''gostaria''', '''tentaria''', '''levaria'''.

Ele expressa um futuro possível de um passado imaginário.

Porém, por enquanto, vamos aprender a usar este tempo verbal de uma forma bem específica. Ou seja, para expressar desejos e fazer pedidos de forma educada.

===Examples===

{| class="prettywiki"
|
* I would like to go to the movies.
* I would not like to travel today.
* Would you like to watch that movie?
|-
|
* Would you help me with my homework?
* Would you teach her the lesson, please?
* Would you go with me?
|}

===Forma===

A forma do '''would''' é a mesma que a do '''will'''.

: Affirmative sentences: Usamos o would antes do verbo que queremos modificar. Também podemos abreviar o '''would''' para ''''d'''.
:: I would like to go to the movies.
:: I'd like to go to the movies.

: Negative sentences: Usamos o '''would''' seguido de '''not''' antes do verbo que queremos modificar. Também podemos usar a contração '''wouldn't'''.
:: I would not like to travel today.
:: I wouldn't like to travel today.

: Interrogative sentences: Usamos o '''would''' antes do sujeito.
:: Would you like to watch that movie?

Este verbo auxiliar não se modifica para he, she ou it.

Então, temos:

::I would like to go to the movies.
::He would like to go to the movies.
::I wouldn't like to go to the movies.
::She wouldn't like to go to the movies.

===Exercises===

1. Traduza as seguintes frases.

:: a. I would like to go to the movies.
:: b. I would not like to travel today.
:: c. Would you like to watch that movie?
:: d. Would you help me with my homework?
:: e. Would you teach her the lesson, please?
:: f. Would you go with me?

2. Faça 5 frases de cada tipo.

:: a. Coisas que você gostaria de fazer.
:: b. Coisas que você não gostaria de fazer.
:: c. Perguntando a alguém se gostaria de fazer tal coisa.

3. Faça 5 pedidos, de forma educada, usando os seguintes verbos.

:: a. go
:: b. study
:: c. play
:: d. help
:: e. stay

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|iUIGtFp2734}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| ship || sure
|-
| nation || fish
|-
| fish || shush
|-
| wish || dish
|-
| potion || mission
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Sea Travel==

* Ship, boat
* Anchor
* Porthole
* Propeller
* Captain
* Sailboat
* Mast
* Sail
* Rudder
* Keel
* Hull
* Yacht
* Row boat
* Oar
* Motor boat
* Towboat
* Cargo ship
* Canoe
* Paddle
* Raft
* Cruise ship
* Shipwreck
* castaway
* Submarine
* Periscope
* Torpedo

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/sea-travel/

=Review=

1. Traduza as seguintes palavras.

:: a. Apple
:: b. Banana
:: c. Grapes
:: d. Raisins
:: e. Avocado
:: f. Cherry
:: g. Olive
:: h. Fig
:: i. Orange
:: j. Lemon
:: k. Pear
:: l. Plum
:: m. Peach
:: n. Coconut
:: o. Mango
:: p. Pineapple

2. Faça frases com as seguintes expressões.

:: a. has
:: b. have
:: c. don't have
:: d. doesn't have
:: e. am
:: f. is
:: g. are
:: h. am not
:: i. is not
:: j. are not

3. Responda às seguintes perguntas.

:: a. What are your five favorite vegetables?
:: b. What are your five favorite fruits?
:: c. What is your favorite day of the week?
:: e. What is your favorite month of the year?
:: d. How many states are there in Brazil? (26 + Brasília)
:: f. How many people live in Florianópolis? (around 421.203)
:: g. How many cities are there in Santa Catarina? (285 cities)
:: h. How many cousins do you have?
:: i. How many televisions are there in your house?

4. Explique o uso da preposição '''in'''. Em quais casos usamos esta preposição? Dê exemplos.

5. Fale os seguintes números ordinais.

:: a. 1st
:: b. 2nd
:: c. 3rd
:: d. 25th
:: e. 57th
:: f. 101st
:: g. 138th
:: h. 62nd

6. Corrija as frases.

:: a. She like to work in the morning.
:: b. They won't work in Saturday.
:: c. They tries to fix the car.
:: d. I am going to buy a apartment.
:: e. You do want to swim tomorrow?
:: f. It haves five balls.
:: g. Your tooth are very white.
:: h. He usually will exercise tonight.
:: i. I am work at the restaurant.
:: j. He don't speak English.
:: k. They will buy a sofa beautiful.
:: l. He will invite she to go to the party.
:: m. These keys are my.
:: n. We don't have many money.

7. Faça perguntas com as seguintes palavras.
(Com rarely, seldom e hardly ever faça perguntas negativas)

:: a. always
:: b. often
:: c. never
:: d. usually
:: e. sometimes
:: f. rarely
:: g. seldom
:: h. hardly ever
:: i. frequently

=Conversation=

1. Responda às seguintes perguntas.

# Would you like to go to a restaurant today?
# What would you like to do tonight?
# Where would you like to go this weekend?
# What movie would you like to watch?
# What would you like not to do this week?
# How would you like your steak? (rare, medium, well done = mal passada, ao ponto, bem passada)
# Would you like to be famous?
# Would you go bungee jumping?

[[Lesson:Essentials/24|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/22

2013-11-27T10:43:28Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=
==Adverbs of Frequency==

Advérbios de frequência são palavras que utilizamos para indicar a frequência que algo acontece.

Eles se separam em dois tipos, frequência definida ou indefinida.

====Definida====

*hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
*every second, once a minute, twice a year
*once, twice, once or twice, three times

====Indefinida====

*always, constantly
*usually, normally
*frequently, regularly
*often
*sometimes
*occasionally
*rarely, infrequently
*seldom
*hardly ever
*never

===Examples===

{| class="prettytable"
|
*She sends emails to her clients daily.
*We travel to Australia twice a year.
*They will stay in my beach house three times this year.
*I always brush my teeth before I go to bed.
*You never call me.
*He usually works on the weekends.
*I sometimes ask for help.
|}

===Exercises===

1. Faça uma frase com cada '''adverb of frequency''' encontrado nas listas acima.

2. Respondas às perguntas de frequência abaixo.

How often do you...

*go to the movies?
*practice English?
*go to the beach?
*go out with your friends?
*travel?
*read a new book?
*check your emails?
*make food?
*brush your teeth?
*travel to Australia?
*work?

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|tyN9OCbFUuE}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| soon || cease
|-
| sister || listen
|-
| miss || sin
|-
| blister || sinister
|-
| mister || hiss
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Land Travel==

* Bicycle, bike
* Handlebar
* Spoke
* Pedal
* Chain
* Reflector
* Saddle
* Subway
* Bus
* Bus stop
* Train
* Locomotive
* Caboose
* Railroad track
* Rail
* Railroad tie
* Spike
* Tunnel
* Truck, semi
* Motorcycle. bike
* Scooter
* Tow truck
* Taxi
* Carriage
* Whip
* Reins
* Sedan
* SUV
* Jeep
* Van
* Pick-up
* Road
* Street
* Street light
* Street sign
* Highway
* Parking lot
* Parking Spot
* Parking meter
* Intersection
* Stop light
* Stop sign
* Pedestrian crossing
* Crosswalk

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/land-travel/

=Review=

1. Passe as seguintes frases para a forma afirmativa e interrogativa.

:: a. I don't like to walk in the rain.
:: b. He doesn't help his friend.
:: c. They won't call their parents.
:: d. She isn't trying to go home.
:: e. We aren't studying Chinese.
:: f. I am not going to travel this summer.
:: g. He isn't going to be at the party.
:: h. You aren't invited to come with us.
:: i. I am not watching movies.
:: j. You don't understand the situation.
:: k. He won't stop the car.

2. Faça frases com os seguintes verbos

:: a. call
:: b. help
:: c. try
:: d. study
:: e. walk
:: f. invite
:: g. travel
:: h. understand
:: i. stop
:: j. watch
:: k. like

3. Faça frases com as seguintes expressões

:: a. in November
:: b. in 2045
:: c. on Wednesday
:: d. at the mall
:: e. in the classroom
:: f. from Belgium
:: g. to China
:: h. in the US
:: i. in California
:: j. on the weekend
:: k. on Christmas

4. Diga os seguintes números

:: a. 737
:: b. 21
:: c. 1023
:: d. 2016
:: e. 700503
:: f. 504
:: g. 79
:: h. 94
:: i. 353
:: j. 6431
:: k. 15703
:: l. 21844732

5. Traduza o seguinte vocabulário

:: a. Hand
:: b. Thumb
:: c. Index Finger
:: d. Middle Finger
:: e. Ring finger
:: f. Little Finger / Pinky
:: g. Palm
:: h. Finger
:: i. Knuckle
:: j. Finger nail

6. Faça frases com os seguintes subtantivos usando '''a''' ou '''an''' antes deles. Procure no dicionário as palavras que não souber.

{| class="prettytable"
|Ex.: Tomorrow I will meet a boy from Spain.
|}

:: a. boy
:: b. car
:: c. house
:: d. elephant
:: e. person
:: f. university
:: g. underwear
:: h. box
:: i. uncle
:: j. hour
:: k. hospital
:: l. unit
:: m. lemon
:: n. apple
:: o. orange
:: p. bear
:: q. knife
:: r. fork
:: s. spoon
:: t. plate
:: u. axe
:: v. sword
:: w. book
:: x. article
:: y. website
:: z. organ

=Conversation=

1. Responda às seguintes perguntas

#How are you doing today?
#How many uncles do you have?
#How much water do you drink a day? (a day = por dia)
#Where do you buy your books?
#Where do you stay when you travel?
#What is your favorite movie?
#Do you like to exercise in the morning?
#Do you need help at work?
#How tall are you?

2. Responda com respostas curtas

#Do you like apples?
#Do you have a car?
#Do you travel in the summer?
#Do you work at a mall?
#Do you have many friends?
#Does your mother live in Canada?
#Does your job make you happy?
#Does your house have air conditioner?

[[Lesson:Essentials/23|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/21

2013-11-27T10:42:58Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

==How==

Hoje vamos aprender a usar a palavra '''how'''.

1. Utilizamos a palavra '''how''' da mesma forma que a palavra '''como''' em português.

{| class="prettytable"
|
* How are you?
::I'm good, and you?
* How are you doing today?
::I am doing fine, thanks. How about you?
* How will you travel to India next year?
::I will travel by plane.
* How do you feel about your job?
::I love it. It is very exciting.
|}

2. Podemos, também, colocar a palavra '''how''' junto com um adjetivo, em geral, significando "quão".

{| class="prettytable"
|
*How old are you?
::I am 24 years old.
*How tall are you?
::I am 6 feet 2.
*How long is the movie?
::It is 2 hours long.
*How much money do you need?
::I need 400 dollars.
*How many brothers and sisters do you have?
::I have one sister and two brothers.
|}

3. Algumas expressão utilizam a palavra '''how'''.

Quando queremos pedir a opinião de alguém sobre algo que acabamos de fazer, perguntamos:

*'''How's that'''?
::It's great. Good job.

De forma informal, podemos usar a seguinte expressão para perguntar '''por que'''.

*'''How come''' you will not be at the party?
::I have to work tomorrow. I'm sorry.

Usamos a palavra '''how''' junto com a preposição '''about''' para fazer sugestões.

*'''How about''' going to the movies?
::Sure. That's a great idea.
*'''How about''' a cup of coffee?
::Yes, please. I need to wake up.

==Exercises==

1. Traduza as seguintes expressões.

:: a. How are you?
:: b. I'm good, and you?
:: c. How are you doing today?
:: d. I am doing fine, thanks. How about you?
:: e. How will you travel to India next year?
:: f. I will travel by plane.
:: g. How do you feel about your job?
:: h. I love it. It is very exciting.
:: i. How old are you?
:: j. I am 24 years old.
:: k. How tall are you?
:: l. I am 6 feet 2.
:: m. How long is the movie?
:: n. It is 2 hours long.
:: o. How much money do you need?
:: p. I need 400 dollars.
:: q. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
:: r. I have one sister and two brothers.
:: s. How's that?
:: t. It's great. Good job.
:: u. How come you will not be at the party?
:: v. I have to work tomorrow. I'm sorry.
:: w. How about going to the movies?
:: x. Sure. That's a great idea.
:: y. How about a cup of coffee?
:: z. Yes, please. I need to wake up.

2. Faça frases com as seguintes expressões.

:: a. How is
:: b. How does
:: c. How will
:: d. How old
:: e. How tall
:: f. How long
:: g. How much
:: h. How many
:: i. How come
:: j. How about

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|EGejh2v6XHs}}
<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| thin || throw
|-
| thumb || author
|-
| healthy || birth
|-
| path || think
|-
| theme || moth
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Cars==

* Trunk
* License plate
* Bumper
* Brake light
* Hubcap
* Door
* Wheel
* Tire
* Tread
* Shock absorber
* Rear-view mirror
* Hood
* Blinker
* Headlight
* Windshield wiper
* Windshield
* Seat
* Seat belt
* Motor, engine
* Jack
* Floor mat
* Jumper cables
* Battery
* Exhaust pipe
* Muffler
* Gas can
* Spark plug
* Motor oil
* Funnel
* Dip stick
* Horn
* Honk
* Steering wheel
* Speedometer
* Odometer
* Fuel gauge
* Pedals
* Clutch
* Brake
* Accelerator
* Stick shift, gear shift

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/car/

=Review=

<quiz display=simple>

{ Reescreva os seguintes substantivos, colocando-os no plural:
|type="{}"}
a. boy { boys _4 }
b. girl { girls _5 }
c. dog { dogs _4 }
d. match { matches _7 }
e. man { men _3 }
f. foot { feet _4 }
g. telephone { telephones _10 }
h. tooth { teeth _5 }
i. bus { buses _5 }
j. glass { glasses _7 }
k. baby { babies _6 }
l. bird { birds _5 }
m. chair { chairs _6 }
n. person { people _6 }
o. box { boxes _5 }
p. brush { brushes _7 }
q. child { children _8 }
r. banana { bananas _7 }
s. spoon { spoons _6 }
t. cup { cups _4 }
u. woman { women _5 }
v. newspaper { newspapers _10 }
w. dictionary { dictionaries _12 }
x. camera { cameras _7 }
y. city { cities _6 }
z. bag { bags _4 }

{Selecione C para contáveis (countable) e U para não contáveis (uncountable):
|type="()"}
| C | U
+- toy
+- boat
-+ air
-+ rice
-+ sugar
+- watch
+- kiss
-+ love
+- battery
-+ snow
-+ permission
-+ luggage
+- trip
-+ news
-+ butter

{Classifique os seguintes pronomes em primeira, segunda, terceira pessoa e singular ou plural.}

{Him
|type="[]"}
- primeira
- segunda
+ terceira
+ singular
- plural

{Them
|type="[]"}
- primeira
- segunda
+ terceira
- singular
+ plural

{Me
|type="[]"}
+ primeira
- segunda
- terceira
+ singular
- plural

{Us
|type="[]"}
+ primeira
- segunda
- terceira
- singular
+ plural

{You (te/ti/tigo)
|type="[]"}
- primeira
+ segunda
- terceira
+ singular
- plural

{Her
|type="[]"}
- primeira
- segunda
+ terceira
+ singular
- plural

{You (vocês)
|type="[]"}
- primeira
+ segunda
- terceira
- singular
+ plural

{It
|type="[]"}
- primeira
- segunda
+ terceira
+ singular
- plural
</quiz>

4. Fale o vocabulário para o seu professor.

5. Corrija os erros.

:: a. I will travel at Friday.
:: b. They arrive on February.
:: c. I have much friends in New York.
:: d. Many stress is not good for your health.
:: e. Ask he to come to the event.
:: f. Them want to stay at home.
:: g. Sally is my brother-in-law.
:: h. She don't like to play tennis.
:: i. Does he goes to school with you?

= Conversation =

#Do you like sushi?
#How many brothers and sisters do you have?
#What do you like to do in the evening?
#What is your favorite fruit?
#What is your favorite restaurant?
#Where do you like to go in the summer?
#What do you do for fun?
#Do you have a hobby?
#What are you going to do tomorrow?
#When are you going to see your father?

[[Lesson:Essentials/22|Next lesson]]

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Lesson:Essentials/20

2013-11-27T10:42:15Z

Marianamarques:

=Grammar=

{{#ev:youtube|3uaB2Wfcp1Y}}

{| class="prettytable"
|
<quiz display=simple>
{ Complete com "there is" ou "there are"
|type="{}"}
1. { There is _8 } a person in the house.
2. { There is _8 } a jacket on the sofa.
3. { There are _9 } many cars in the parking lot.
4. { There is _8 } one computer in the classroom.
5. { There are _9 } people in the car.
</quiz>
|}

2. Passe as seguintes frases para o interrogativo.

:: a. There is a pencil on the floor.
:: b. There are many things I want to do.
:: c. There are books I need to read.
:: d. There are many places for us to visit.
:: e. There is an interesting article in the magazine.

3. Passe as seguintes frases para o negativo.

:: a. There is a pencil on the floor.
:: b. There are many things I want to do.
:: c. There are books I need to read.
:: d. There are many places for us to visit.
:: e. There is an interesting article in the magazine.

=Pronunciation=

{{#ev:youtube|xg-_J1V8ksE}}
<br>
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/sounds/con_voiceless_5.shtml
<br>
*Som de consoante

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|Examples
|-
| fat || coffee
|-
| rough || enough
|-
| fluff || effort
|-
| fan || leaf
|-
| off || rifle
|}

=Vocabulary=

==Pets==

*Cat
*Fur
*Whiskers
*Purr
*Kitten
*Dog
*Pant
*Bark
*Growl
*Puppy
*Whimper
*Bitch
*Veterinarian
*Collar
*Leash
*Paw
*Claw
*Poop

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/pets/

=Review=

1. Escreva um texto narrando o que você fará no próximo final de semana usando "going to".

2. Faça 5 frases no Present Continuous descrevendo coisas que você está fazendo neste momento.

3. Faça frases utilizando as seguintes expressões. Se não souber o significado de alguma palavra pesquise em: [http://www.wordreference.com/pten/ www.wordreference.com]

:: a. won't / call
:: b. doesn't / like
:: c. don't / need
:: d. is not working / my friend
:: e. are not studying / my children
:: f. is going to learn
:: g. are going to stay
:: h. what will you
:: i. where does he
:: j. when is she going to
:: k. I don't know what

4. Fale para o seu professor os dias da semana e os meses em inglês.

5. Responda com respostas curtas.

:: a. Will you work tomorrow?
:: b. Are they going to stay for lunch?
:: c. Is there a good book to read?
:: d. Does he want to go home?
:: e. Do you like to play with my dog?
:: f. Are there many people at the party?
:: g. Is he going to call his mother?
:: h. Are we waiting for them?
:: i. Will they stay here?
:: j. Does she work at the bank?

[[Lesson:Essentials/CP11|Next lesson]]

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