The Grove - Academia de Idiomas - User contributions [en]

Lesson:Should You Skip Christmas?

2015-08-22T13:00:42Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you think it's necessary to celebrate Christmas? Why?
# Are all holidays important enough to be celebrated?
# Which is your favorite holiday? Why?
# Do you agree that if we don't celebrate Christmas, we might get upset or disappointed?
# In your point of view, is it important to celebrate the holidays? Why?
# Why are some holidays so important for society?
# Do you know the origin of an any holiday?
# Do you think people create holidays in order to have days off from work, school, etc?
# Is the economy stimulating the creation or maintenance of holidays? Why?
# Which holiday should exist to be celebrated that doesn't yet? Why?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|absolutely}}
{{Definition|ignore}}
{{Definition|hop}}
{{Definition|therapist}}
{{Definition|practice}}
{{Definition|admit}}
{{Definition|lack}}
{{Definition|skip}}
{{Definition|unstable}}
{{Definition|provide}}
{{Definition|predictability}}
{{Definition|otherwise}}
{{Definition|bewildering}}
{{Definition|frightening}}
{{Definition|overwhelming}}
{{Definition|unpredictable}}
{{Definition|random}}
{{Definition|huge}}
{{Definition|childhood}}
{{Definition|distressed}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|uk_kUfZMk1g}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Here comes Santa Claus!
It's that time of the year again and…<br>
There is absolutely no way to escape the fact that the winter holidays are happening in America. <br>
That's right: you can't ignore it, even if you wanted to…<br>
Short of hopping on a plane and going to an island where they never heard of American culture. <br>
And that's why I was having this conversation with Dr. Marie Hartwell Walker. <br>
I'm psychologist and family therapist and I've been in practice for almost 35 years. <br>
And she's written on the importance of the holidays for families. Although, she is the first to admit that the winter holidays can be really toxic for a lot of people. <br>
If I go home for Christmas, will dad get drunk again? Will mom be, hmm, at me again about my weight or my grades or my, hmm, lack of having whatever, enough children, too many dogs, I don’t know. <br>
So, since I was talking with a professional I thought I would ask: “Is it dangerous to just, I don’t know, skip the holidays … take a break?” <br>
I don’t think it's dangerous to skip the holidays, but I think it is a missed opportunity. Our lives can be so unstable. Life changes day after day after day and traditions provide some predictability in an otherwise unpredictable world. So, just think of yourself as a small child and how many new things might happen within the course of a day. And some of those experiences may be confusing or bewildering or even frightening. And some of those new experiences are wonderful but can also be overwhelming. So, the nighttime ritual usually is something like dinner, bath, hmm, story time, drink. And the stories are two or three favorites right? <br>
Yeah<br>
It gives them something solid that they can hold onto in an otherwise very unpredictable world. And, that's important stuff! It's helping the child pull together all of that random new stuff and make some sense of it. <br>
So if we're talking about Christmas, we're really talking about one huge tradition. We do the tree, we get presents, we sing these carols, we go to this event. And these traditions give us some predictability that help us pause and make sense of our lives. <br>
You go home, mom makes the same cookies she has always made. You have the same turkey or roast beef you always had. <br>
Right, but what if you don’t have good childhood memories? <br>
Those winter holidays can be an opportunity to set something new in motion, and I really encourage the people who are distressed about the holidays to think about what they would like to have happen. What piece of that wish that you always had as a kid: Can you, in fact, uh, do now that you're the grown up? Because we can.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about the Christmas traditions you follow. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
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[[Category:Transcript ok]]
[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to Take Great Notes

2015-08-22T13:00:19Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# What is the most effective way to learn in your point of view?
# Are you used to taking notes during classes?
# When you take notes, what information do you write down? Do you read it later?
# Do you think these notes might help later? Why?
# When you read books, do you take notes about them? If so, what kind?
# What methods do you use to remember vocabulary better?
# When learning, what is your best skill? Viewing, listening or synesthetic?
# Is there a formula for a person to learn things fast?
# What contributes to a good memory?
# Have you ever taken notes and they really helped you afterwards? What was it for?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

:*[{{dic}}average{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}average t] - average
:*[{{dic}}bottom{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}bottom t] - bottom
:*[{{dic}}fail{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}fail t] - fail
:*[{{dic}}proven{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}proven t] - proven
:*[{{dic}}inefficient{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}inefficient t] - inefficient
:*[{{dic}}simply{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}simply t] - simply
:*[{{dic}}pick{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pick t] - pick
:*[{{dic}}concept{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}concept t] - concept
:*[{{dic}}binder{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}binder t] - binder
:*[{{dic}}capture{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}capture t] - capture
:*[{{dic}}pose{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}pose t] - pose
:*[{{dic}}deep{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}deep t] - deep
:*[{{dic}}grudge{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}grudge t] - grudge
:*[{{dic}}establish{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}establish t] - establish
:*[{{dic}}template{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}template t] - template
:*[{{dic}}comprehension{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}comprehension t] - comprehension
:*[{{dic}}raise{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}raise t] - raise
:*[{{dic}}soon{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}soon t] - soon
:*[{{dic}}ensure{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}ensure t] - ensure
:*[{{dic}}tip{{.com}} d] | [{{wr}}tip t] - tip

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{#ev:youtube|UAhRf3U50lM}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>
==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
The average student takes notes at a rate of one-third of the word per second. The average teacher speaks about two to three words per second. Bottom line: If you're trying to copy down everything your teacher is saying when he throws on about Shakespeare. You're going to fall seriously behind. Note taking is an important skill in and out of school you can make the difference between passing and failing a test, excelling at a job or even enjoying a complicated movie. And most of us don’t do it well. <br>
Welcome to Wellcast. We took a viewer's suggestion for this week's episode: The art of note-taking. We're going to give you a three-step method for taking notes that will actually help you learn. Numerous studies over the years have proven what's already pretty obvious. People who take notes remember the material better than those who don’t. But how much better? A 1970 study by development psychologist Michael Howe, found the students were seven times more likely to remember facts one week after hearing them if they took notes. But here's the thing: Most people don’t know how to take notes. We're taught from a very young age that when a teacher starts delivering a load of information, for example: "Shakespeare described Romeo and Juliet's love as star crossed". And we should start writing down as much as what they're saying as possible. This is an incredibly inefficient way to take notes. Why? You're not actually learning anything, you're simply acting as a human audio recorder. A recorder by the way that only picks one out of ten words. And you're saving the learning for later. When you have an even less complete lesson plan to look over.<br>
Note-taking should actually act as a form of learning. Something that helps you work your way through the lesson as the teacher is giving it, so that when you leave the classroom, already understand the concepts. So how do you do that? We have a three-step method for taking the kind of notes that force you to learn the material inside the classroom and not out. Pause and print the sheet and put it in your binder ready for your next class. Finished? Ok let's go.<br><br>
Step 1: Don’t write down facts, write down conclusions! Don’t worry about capturing every single thing your teacher is saying. Spend more time listening, trying to understand the lecture. When you do start writing, format your notes as a series of questions posed by the teacher's lecture and your own answers. For example, question: "What's the central theme in Romeo and Juliet?" Conclusion: "More than being a love and tragic story, Romeo and Juliet is about the consequences of deeply held grudges." This way you're recording the importance of what the teacher is saying not just raw facts. When you do need to include data, add only the most important points under each question. This is the evidence for each question's answer. <br><br>
Step 2: Use colored pens. Yeah, that's right. This will help you remember your notes visually. Also, if you establish a set template for your notes, we'll be able to take them more efficiently. Write questions in red, definitions in blue, conclusions in green.<br><br>
Step 3 - Review your notes, don’t re-learn them. Spend at least ten minutes organizing your notes after class. You want to test your comprehension, try teaching the material to a classmate. This would be a great marker to see if you've actually learned anything. <br><br>
Note-taking is a valuable life skill that doesn’t lose its utility when you graduate. Find ways to integrate note-taking in your daily life. You'll soon find yourself in the exclusive and creative group of people who bring out their moleskines in lectures, movies and etc.<br>
Alright Wellcasters, let's recap! Today we learned how to take notes in a way that ensures you learn the material during class time and not after. First, write down your conclusion instead of a barrage of facts. Second, use your questions to make connections and third, spend ten minutes going over these notes at the end of the class and if you should choose, try going over these notes by teaching them to a classmate or a friend. Hey, who was that lady? Uh, ok. Did these tips help? Let us know, or if you have a wellness topic that you'd like to see covered. Do this in email, we love to see your notes!

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about the last time you took note of something. What was it about? How much information do you still remember? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How Pets Improve Your Mood

2015-08-22T12:59:58Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you like pets? What is your favorite animal?
# Do you have a pet? What is it? Where did you get it from?
# What does it look like (color, breed, etc.)?
# If not, would you ever consider getting a pet? Why?
# What are the pros and cons of keeping a pet?
# What is the best pet to own? Why?
# What kind of joy do pets bring to people?
# Do you think it's difficult to teach tricks to pets? Why?
# What can children learn by having a pet?
# What's the strangest animal you've ever seen as a pet?
# Why do some people not like pets?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|brutal}}
{{Definition|punctuated}}
{{Definition|grueling}}
{{Definition|jello}}
{{Definition|mush}}
{{Definition|fluffy}}
{{Definition|feathery}}
{{Definition|pet}}
{{Definition|ailments}}
{{Definition|pat}}
{{Definition|beloved}}
{{Definition|measure}}
{{Definition|mellow}}
{{Definition|households}}
{{Definition|straightforward}}
{{Definition|weird}}
{{Definition|shelter}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|4QWu1OJCmMA}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
It's the end of the day and you are exhausted. You had a brutal day of classes punctuated by the world's most grueling workout. Your muscles fell like Jell-o and your brain feels like mush. Oh, on a day like this nothing can make you feel better. Or can it? Actually, there is something that can: It's fluffy and playful and it has four legs. Or maybe it's feathery with two legs. That's right! You've guessed it: On today's Wellcast we are talking about pets! And how they can actually improve your mood and your health. Hey, we're not telling you to just go out and buy a pet. Instead, we're gonna teach you why spending time with cute little fuzzy animals will actually improve your mental and physical health. We'll also help you figure out how to spend time with animals even if you can't have a pet of your own. <br><br>
So what can spending time with a pet do for you? A study published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine in jolly old England found that dog owners, cat owners and owners of fluffy little hamsters generally found that minor ailments improved when they spend time with their pets. Furthermore: A study by the American Heart Association found that people's blood pressure drops significantly by merely patting animals. This could be any animals, not just their own beloved pets. How do we know? Well, researchers with the AMA gave forty-eight volunteers a series of difficult math problems, while measuring their blood pressure and other stress indicators. Half of them were given a temporary pet to spend time with. So, when the volunteers came back to do more incredibly difficult math problems six weeks later, those who had spent time with pets over the course of those six weeks didn't show the kind of stress reactions that the pet-free folks had. They were more mellow, more calm, better able to think rationally about the problem than those who didn't have any quality pet time. <br><br>
Clearly animals are awesome. But, if you're not one of the 62% of American households who have a pet, what should you do? Well, we at Wellcast have got a couple of suggestions for you.<br><br>
Pause and print out our PDF at watchwellcast.com. Got it? Awesome!<br>
This worksheet will teach you our four-legged method to get you spending time with animals.<br><br>
Now, leg one of our worksheet: Brainstorm! This is pretty straightforward: Think of all the friends in your circle and think of all the pets that they have. Next, make a list of your top five favorite pets. It sounds silly, but don't worry: We have another leg for this.<br><br>
Leg two: Reach out. Call up your friends and ask how you could get involved with their pet life. Don't forget: Pets are a big responsibility and everybody needs help time to time. So if you ask them if you could walk the dog once a week or maybe be the first person that they call when they go on vacation, it won't be that weird. <br><br>
Leg three: Volunteer. Another great way to get quality animal time in is to volunteer at your local animal shelter. Not only are you going to be connecting with your community, but you'll be connecting with a wonderful little puppy or kitten or something else that needs some TLC and on top of all of that, you'll be lowering your blood pressure and stress as well. Not sure how to start? Check out this national registry of animal shelters or look up a shelter on Google. Write down their contact information on our worksheet and then give them a call.<br><br>
Leg four: Schedule. Once you've arranged the time to volunteer at a shelter, schedule your quality pet dates around that. So, call a Buster's person, Suggs' person, Fluffy's person and schedule some quality pet time. Try for an hour a week just to start.<br><br>
To recap: Today on Wellcast, we taught you why spending some time with your favorite non-human cuddly friend was actually beneficial to your health. We also taught you a four-legged method to get you to spend some animal quality time of your own, even if you don't have a pet at home. After spending some time with pets, how do you feel?

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about: 1 - If you have a pet, tell us what is so cute abut your little animal. 2 - If you don't have one, talk about any experience you've had with them before. It can be a good or a bad one. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How Oil Prices Affect the Economy

2015-08-22T12:59:41Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# How important do you think oil is in our lives?
# Do you understand the impact oil has on the economy?
# In the world we live today, do you agree that everybody is oil dependent? Why?
# Should we allow prices to be so dependent on the consumption of oil? Why?
# Are there any wars that are started because of oil?
# Do you think we will one day run out of oil? How soon do you think that will happen?
# Have you ever heard about the Second Industrial Revolution?
# What are some alternatives to oil?
# Nowadays people are trying to be 'green', give some examples of what this means.
# When possible, do you substitute your car for a bike, walk, etc?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|strong}}
{{Definition|struggle}}
{{Definition|freak}}
{{Definition|deal}}
{{Definition|oil}}
{{Definition|abundant}}
{{Definition|resource}}
{{Definition|crude}}
{{Definition|byproduct}}
{{Definition|waste}}
{{Definition|grow}}
{{Definition|fuel}}
{{Definition|ton}}
{{Definition|arguably}}
{{Definition|peak}}
{{Definition|suck}}
{{Definition|barrel}}
{{Definition|lifeblood}}
{{Definition|collapses}}
{{Definition|rely}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|j9OtQv5eH4w}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
You know, it seems like every time the economy starts to get stronger, oil prices go up. Way up. And then the economy struggles again. So what's the deal with freaking oil? Well, you see, oil used to be a cheap and abundant resource. So much so that crude oil created a byproduct called gasoline, which at one point was just considered waste. <br>
So we designed engines to run off that gas. And this was the beginning of what we call the Second Industrial Revolution, and it's a time of great economic growth. It made it so that most of our transportation and distribution of goods is dependent on oil; 35% of the United States energy comes from oil. We also grow our food and petrochemicals made from oil. Construction materials are made from oil. In fact, Americans consume petroleum products at a rate of 3.5 gallons of oil per day. And that's not just in fuel. Here's a list of other things that we use that are made from oil. <br>
Now, here's the problem: while there used to be plenty of oil that was easy to get, today we've used a lot of it. But don't let those tree-hugging, Earth-is-your-mother kind of people freak out on you, because there's still a ton of oil left in the ground. In fact, arguably we haven't even hit peak oil yet. Meaning that there's still more oil left in the earth than what we've taken out. <br>
But here's the thing: Human population is growing rapidly and certain countries like China and India, who are largely responsible for putting so many new people on this planet, are becoming industrialized and using more and more oil. So, while there's lots of oil left to be sucked out of the earth, there's more and more people consuming that oil. So, in the early 1900's when we first discovered oil, the amount of oil available per person was growing steadily until 1979. You see, BP discovered in a study that it was that year that the amount of oil available per person on the planet peaked. And ever since then has been going down just as fast as it went up. In fact, for the past few decades, we consume 3.5 barrels of oil for every new barrel we find. So, because of population growth, oil is going to become less abundant and harder to get to… unless we could find a backup planet. <br>
So, here's the real problem: when the economy is humming, we're producing more, buying more, transporting more. So, in turn, we use more oil. Which makes the price go up. And, since our economy is based off of oil, the price of everything goes up. Which means the amount of things we can afford to buy goes down. And that makes the economy slow down again. <br>
In fact, every time we try to work ourselves out of a recession, we bring the price of oil back up with us, because it's the lifeblood of our economy. So, remember in July of 2008 when oil hit U$150 per barrel? Well, that seems to be about as high as our economy can handle before everything collapses. If we really want to see our economy prosper again like before, we can't rely anymore on the Second Industrial Revolution. What we need is to build a new economy that's not dependent on oil. What we need is a New Industrial Revolution.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about what would happen today if we ran out of oil. Are there any other solutions? Which ones? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]
[[Category:Transcript ok]]

Lesson:Happy New Year! Make a Plan!

2015-08-22T12:59:27Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#What do you usually do for New Year's Eve?
#Do you usually make a list of your New Year's Resolutions?
#What are your resolutions usually about?
#What are some resolutions that will never be on your list?
#Why do people make so many plans during this time of the year?
#Are those plans always executed? Why?
#Why do some people wait for the next year to start on their projects or plans?
#Which resolutions do you think are the most common?
#What resolution do you make every year and never accomplish?
#Is the time around the new year a moment of transition? Why?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|girth}}
{{Definition|bit}}
{{Definition|lazy}}
{{Definition|regardless}}
{{Definition|resolution}}
{{Definition|remind}}
{{Definition|fail}}
{{Definition|utterly}}
{{Definition|plan}}
{{Definition|whim}}
{{Definition|crap}}
{{Definition|forethought}}
{{Definition|achievable}}
{{Definition|chunk}}
{{Definition|reward}}
{{Definition|track}}
{{Definition|recognize}}
{{Definition|wish}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|rEBedscSlYk}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Two, One. Happy New Year! It's our one holiday where we celebrate the passage of time which makes people stop and think, how do I want next year to be different than this year? Maybe you're feeling a little girthy or a bit too lazy. Or maybe this is the year you finally find that new job. Regardless of what your New Year's resolution is, we want to remind you, you will probably fail. Yep. Eighty percent of New Year's resolutions completely and utterly fail. That's because people don't understand the difference between a New Year's resolution and a New Year's plan. You see, resolutions can be made on a whim. Your resolution will probably make you feel like crap for the first couple of weeks and without a plan to get yourself through, you're destined to fail. A plan takes forethought. A plan means you're serious. A plan breaks up your resolution in small achievable chunks and has many rewards along the way. A plan is tracked in a journal and a plan recognizes that there's nothing magical about January 1st. People who make plans are twice as likely to achieve their resolution. So we wish you a Happy New Year. May all your plans come true. From us to you.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about a time when you made a resolution and succeeded. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]
[[Category:Transcript ok]]

Lesson:The Power of Habit

2015-08-22T12:57:29Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you have any habits?
# Where do we learn our habits?
# What bad habits bother you the most?
# What good habits do you most admire?
# Is it easy or difficult to get rid of a bad habit? Why?
# How can you develop a good habit?
# Have you ever been successful in getting rid of a bad habit?
# Which bad habit do you think would be the most difficult to get rid of? Why?
# Are we born with our bad habits? Or do we acquire them from the environment surrounding us?
# Do other people's bad habits get on your nerves?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|tough}}
{{Definition|slip}}
{{Definition|end}}
{{Definition|components}}
{{Definition|cue}}
{{Definition|behavior}}
{{Definition|queue}}
{{Definition|reward}}
{{Definition|encode}}
{{Definition|whether}}
{{Definition|endemic}}
{{Definition|latch}}
{{Definition|intertwined}}
{{Definition|inner}}
{{Definition|basal}}
{{Definition|sort}}
{{Definition|counter}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|wQLHwSphu-M}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
So, if you're like me, you probably have at least a few bad habits you would like to break. But it's tough, because no matter how hard I try, I seem to slip back into the same old routines again and again. <br><br>
"In the last decades we've learned a lot about how habits work." <br><br>
That's Charles Duhigg, author of the book "The Power of Habit". <br><br>
"And in particular we've learned the neurological structure of a habit." <br><br>
He says we tend to think of a habits as a single thing, but actually, "Each habit has three components. There's a cue which is like a trigger for a behavior to start. And then there is a routine which is the behavior itself, and then finally a reward, which is how our brain learns to encode that automatic behavior for the future. And one of the big differences is that for years, when people thought about habits, they focused in on the routine, on the behavior. But what we now know is that it's these cues and these rewards that really shape how habits occur and how to change them." <br><br>
And Charles says that whether we like it or not, this kind of habit formation is endemic to our brain. <br><br>
"And what it will do is our brain will latch on to a cue that it associates with a behavior and a particular reward. And over time, that cue and that reward become more and more and more sort of intertwined. The inner part of your brain, named the basal ganglia will relate them together. And the behavior that is associated with that, that will just sort of happen automatically." <br><br>
But Charles says the good news is: We can also use this knowledge to our advantage.<br><br>
"There was a big study that was done about how to create exercise habits. And so what they did is they told a group of people, “Okay, first of all choose an obvious cue: always go running at the same time every day or put your workout clothes next to your bed so that you see them first thing when you wake up”. And then they said, “and then go for a run or go workout and when you get back from exercising, give yourself a small piece of chocolate”. Now this is kind of counter-intuitive, right? Because people who are exercising are trying to lose weight, not eat more chocolate. And yet what the researchers knew is that their brain needed that reward. Their basal ganglia needed some reward. But what they found was that people who ate a small piece of chocolate after coming home from a run or a workout, they were much more likely to start exercising habitually." <br><br>
So, according to Charles, whether you want to break a habit, or start a new habit, the key is to divide that habit into its component parts: Cue, routine, and reward. And design it for the result that you want.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about a habit that you have and can't get rid of. Tell us what you're trying to do to solve it. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to Schedule Your Day as a Creative

2015-08-22T12:53:47Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you consider yourself a creative person?
# Do you like to create things yourself?
# Have you ever thought of working in something that uses your creative work?
# Some people, when they are creating something, like to be left alone and with no sound around, not even music. Are you one of those people?
# If you could suddenly become skillful in something, what would you choose and why?
# Are there any artists that you really like?
# Do you think that people who work with art should have a special treatment such as not being called to meetings that aren't necessarily important for the creative process?
# Do you think that people are born with the gift of being creative or is it something that a person can develop over time?
# What things can you reduce in or remove from your routine which would free your mind to be more productive?
# What can you do to become a more creative person?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|creative}}
{{Definition|meeting}}
{{Definition|scheduled}}
{{Definition|blown}}
{{Definition|entire}}
{{Definition|soar}}
{{Definition|constantly}}
{{Definition|maker}}
{{Definition|sweat}}
{{Definition|productivity}}
{{Definition|embracing}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|lC4Ed2AqcKk}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
If you do anything creative like program or design or write, you know that it's hard to keep your creative energy up and stay focused. Something as simples as a meeting scheduled here will break your afternoon into two pieces which are both too small to do anything creative in and the rest of your day is blown. When you know your entire day is free, you soar like a creative eagle, yet people are constantly asking to get things get scheduled in even when those meetings are not important to what you are creating, what you need to do is plan your day like a maker.You see, managers rule the world and they go from meeting to meeting no sweat. They can meet Jim for coffee just to connect without ruining their productivity. And while managers are usually your boss and your clients, embracing the manager's schedule is a disaster for makers. Makers need to block chunks of time big enough to do real creative work. So, tell people you only meet at certain times of the day that you choose and that it's in their best interest that you have time to create.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about yourself. Are you creative? How do you make sure you are productive? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to Save the World from Email

2015-08-22T12:53:35Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

# How many emails do you receive every day?
# How many emails do you send every day? What for?
# Do you get angry when you receive emails from people/companies you didn't want to? Why?
# How do you like to communicate with people: emails, messages, phone, etc?
# Do you think it's boring to write emails to people? Why?
# What do you do to 'protect' your mail box from junk emails?
# Do you think emails will be substituted by any other means of communication? If so, which?
# Are emails considered a real document in case of need?
# How can a person write an email that is interesting to be read?
# Are emails the best way to talk to long distance friends?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|copy}}
{{Definition|paste}}
{{Definition|decide}}
{{Definition|respond}}
{{Definition|often}}
{{Definition|destroy}}
{{Definition|productivity}}
{{Definition|better}}
{{Definition|topic}}
{{Definition|tag}}
{{Definition|short}}
{{Definition|send}}
{{Definition|subject}}
{{Definition|even}}
{{Definition|sure}}
{{Definition|weird}}
{{Definition|slash}}
{{Definition|rude}}
{{Definition|punish}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|DoAdoSSjNSM}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Emails are easier to write than they are to respond to. You can write an email in seconds, link to an article or video with a simple copy and a paste and send. Now that poor person you wrote to has to scan his cluttered inbox, open your email, read it, decide how to respond, then respond. Emails often have open-ended questions that are hard to answer, and people often get "Cc"ed on emails they don't care about. This is all spiraling out of control and destroying your productivity. So we ask, do you wanna be part of the problem or part of the solution? Here are things you can start doing today, to make your emails better for everyone. Choose good subject lines that clearly give the topic of your email and maybe even tag with an action category. Write short emails, keep it to five sentences or less if you can, and make sure the reason for the email is clear at the top. No weird fonts or colors please. Don't give open-ended questions, but very specific-action options. Slash unnecessary “Ccs” and when forwarding emails, tighten up threads by deleting unimportant things. Oh, and stop replying just to say thanks. It might feel rude at first, but it's one less email to worry about reading. So unless you enjoy punishing people, join the emailcharter.
</div>
</div>
[[Category: transcript ok]]

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about how to write a good e-mail, don't forget to tell us some personal experience with this matter if you have some. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains

2015-08-22T12:53:23Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# How long do you spend on the internet everyday?
# Do you access it only on your computer or do you also use it on other devices?
# Do you "Google" a lot?
# Do You tend to forget about the information you just searched after using it for what you were doing?
# Do you think people nowadays are obsessed with technology?
# Doctors say that internet can be harmful to your memory, do you agree with that statement?
# Do you do anything that in your opinion may be harmful to your memory or even your body?
# What should people do to become less dependent on the internet?
# Would you consider yourself addicted to the internet?
# What's the greatest aspect of the Internet in your opinion?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|behavior}}
{{Definition|share}}
{{Definition|superficial}}
{{Definition|shallow}}
{{Definition|whole}}
{{Definition|neurotransmitter}}
{{Definition|predators}}
{{Definition|conceptually}}
{{Definition|eroded}}
{{Definition|crowds}}
{{Definition|unplug}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|cKaWJ72x1rI}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Narrator: So you're reading an article online when you get an instant message with a link to a funny photo, which of course you have to share. And now you're reading your facebook news wall, which sends you to a video of a panda bear attacking a kid, and now you're reading wikipedia to learn everything you can about the violent behavior of panda bears. And this is what three minutes on the internet can be like. We live like this all the time, and it has to have some kind of effect on us.<br>
Nicholas: "The net is making us more superficial as thinkers". <br>
Narrator: That is Nicholas Carr. He is the author of The Shallows - What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. To understand this whole thing better we need to go way back in time, to say, like, the prehistoric age. <br>
Nicholas: You wanted to know everything going on around you, because the more you knew about your surroundings, the less likely you were to get attacked by a predator. And there's even evidence that our brains release some dopamine, a pleasure-producing neurotransmitter chemical, to reward us for seeking out and finding new information.<br>
Narrator: So getting distracted felt good and helped us stay alive. But the problem is that nowadays predators aren't much of an issue, but we still have the same brains. And also, there's the internet, which is...<br>
Nicholas: It's an incredibly information rich environment, uh, that the net creates for us, and that's why we use it so much, I mean, sounds, pictures, words, texts, and what this tends to do is promote a sort of compulsive behavior in which we are constantly checking our smartphone, constantly glancing at our email inbox. We're kind of living in this perpetual state of distraction and interruption.<br>
Narrator: Which is dangerous because... that mode of thinking crowds out the more contemplative, calmer modes of thinking, and that focused, calm thinking is actually how we learn. It's a process called memory consolidation. <br>
Nicholas: And that means the transfer of information from our short term working memory, to our long term memory. And it's through moving information from your working memory to your long term memory that you create connections between that information and everything else you know. <br>
Narrator: So you've got this awesome, life-changing piece of information in your short term memory, but then you hear that email ding and poof, there it goes. That email takes its place, and you never get a chance to learn anything, all because of one distraction.<br>
Nicholas: So, attention is the key, and if we lose control of our attention, or are constantly dividing our attention, then we don't really enjoy that consolidation process. <br>
Narrator: But I can hear it now, someone out there is saying: "uh, what does learning matter if all the information in the world is just a google search away?". Well... <br>
Nicholas: That is kind of short-changing our intellects. If that's the way you're using your mind, just kind of searching very quickly and finding information and then forgetting it very quickly, you're never building knowledge, you're simply, you're, you're kind of thinking like a computer.<br> Narrator: Which means that our very humanity is at stake. And it would be a shame if we all got assimilated, because, well, humanity is pretty neat. <br>
Nicholas: I really believe that if you look at the great monuments of culture, they come from people who are able to pay attention, who control their mind. That's what allows us to think in the highest terms and think conceptually, think critically, think in some very creative ways. <br>
Narrator: And it's this kind of thinking that's at risk, being eroded one cute cat video at a time. Don't get us wrong. The internet is good for lots of things, and it should be celebrated. But the best thing we can do for our minds is to find some time every day to unplug, calm down, and focus on one thing at a time. Your email, and those cats, will be here when you get back.<br>
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about how the influence of the internet is changing our lives, don´t forget to give your opinion about the matter and point out the good things and the bad things about it. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:What is Occupy Wall Street (and how will it be remembered)?

2015-08-22T12:53:03Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# What do you think about manifestations of civil society?
# Have you ever participated in any of them? Please, describe your experience.
# Does your country support or even encourages manifestations in any way?
# Are there any manifestations going on in your country, state or city right now?
# Do you like to express your opinions?
# What do you think is the best way to express one's opinions today? Why?
# Do you think expressing your opinions, alone, promotes change?
# Are you aware of any manifestations that have ever taken place where you live? What was(were) it(they) called?
# Do you think the Internet is a means that cooperates or disturbs the organization of manifestations?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|suddenly}}
{{Definition|evolves}}
{{Definition|laws}}
{{Definition|goal}}
{{Definition|occupiers}}
{{Definition|regardless}}
{{Definition|remaining}}
{{Definition|wealthiest}}
{{Definition|increasingly}}
{{Definition|stagnant}}
{{Definition|rallying}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|7VbrdplVRLw}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
The Occupy movement grew suddenly and sustained longer than was first imagined. But now that the Occupy movement is shutting down for the winter, what will it be remembered for? One of their main rallying cries is "we are the 99%". It's a reference to this fact. Taking the entire population of the U.S. you will find that merely 1% own nearly 50% of all our wealth and with wealth comes power and more wealth. In fact you will see that the wealthiest 1% of Americans over the last 40 years have grown increasingly wealthier and wealthier, while the remaining 99% stay relatively stagnant. And while the 1% have been gaining more power they haven't always used it for the good of society.<br>
Okay then, regardless if you see this as a problem or not, what remains confusing for some people and plain frustrating to others is that nobody knows what Occupiers really want. Even the Occupiers themselves seem to have different reasons for occupying, making people think that they're just being immature. Movements should have a very clear goal like "let's elect this president" or "let's create these new laws". But the Occupy movement is different. It seems to be saying things like "let's pay attention to this issue", "let's have a conversation", "let's listen to each other, especially the marginalized, and see how we can agree." It doesn't have one charismatic leader but is decentralized. It doesn't have one plain agenda but thousands and thousands of voices connecting together. It is much like the difference between a typical model of top-down power in the way the Internet works. So it seems that Occupy Wall Street is an Internet era movement. You see what most people don't understand is that Occupy Wall Street is not acting like 20th century politics, but instead it seems to be prototyping something new and we will continue to see how it evolves.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs about recent manifestations that ocurred in your country or somewhere else these days. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Walter Backerman, Seltzer Man

2015-08-22T12:52:42Z

Solernevital:

__TOC__

==Part A==

===Listening lesson===

1. Listen to the audio below.

{{#widget:SoundCloud
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2. Now listen again following the text.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:600px">
Transcript for the Piece Audio version of Walter Backerman, Seltzer Man
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Walter Backerman - SELTZER MAN
New York Works: Audio Portraits of a Vanishing City
Produced by: Emily Botein & Joe Richman The Next Big Thing (NPR) 1/19/2002

Dean Olsher, host: Hi, this is Dean Olsher. I'm going to take you around the city and introduce you to people who make up the radio series New York Works, seven people who are in professions that are slowly disappearing.

MUSIC

In 1919 Jacob Rosenblum took his horse-drawn wagon and began delivering bottles of seltzer-water to tenements on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. In the late 1940s, his son also became a seltzer deliveryman and later his grandson took over the route. There used to be thousands of seltzer men in New York City and now Jacob Rosenblum’s grandson, Walter Backerman, is one of the handful left.

MUSIC FADES IN

HEAR TRUCK STARTING, RATTLING

Walter Backerman, seltzer man: The time now is 6:30 in the morning, on 111th street, right off of Amsterdam Avenue, not far from Broadway. Let me start from scratch. My name is Walter the Seltzer Man (STREET SOUNDS, HORNS HONKING.) This is my truck. It has a little bit of everything. A bunch of old, old bottles, office supplies, I got aspirin in case anyone comes in the truck got a headache. Got flares, digital camera, I have guide books, I got tour books in case I’m curious I drive by I see an old building, want to know a little bit about the history. I have a truck that’s basically extremely chaotic. To anyone else it would appear to be a shambles, but to me it’s semi-organized.

MUSIC FADES UP

BOTTLES RATTLING - TRUCK STOPS - WALTER CHECKS BOTTLES

Walter Backerman: Make sure the bottles work I squirt ‘em. Make sure they haven’t leaked, that the gas is still good. You’ve got blue bottles, you’ve got green bottles. I just like to look at them. I think the seltzer bottles looks beautiful. (DESCRIBING BOTTLE) The year is 1952. That’s the year I was born, the bottle’s as old as I am. Funny thing about it is that now to this day, the bottles are worth so much that I’d be better off pulling out all my bottles out of every customer's house and selling them slowly as antiques and collectibles. At this sad point in time the bottle is unfortunately worth more dead than it is alive.

SCENE CHANGES

Walter Backerman: Seltzer man. (DOOR BUZZES) I have pleasure in my route I really do. Honest, it’s not just the money. I enjoy the route, I enjoy meeting people, I enjoy the camaraderie, I enjoy the socialism. And I like talking to people.

MUSIC FADES UP - VISITING PEOPLE MONTAGE

Customer 1: Oh, hello.

Walter Backerman: How you doing?

BOTTLES RATTLING

Walter Backerman: I remember one time my wife said, look, don’t take it seriously, you’re a novelty for the minute. You’re just the delivery guy. Don’t think you’re anything more than that. You’re like the guy delivering Poland Springs to a water cooler. And I said to her, god I hope not.

VISITING CUSTOMERS

Walter Backerman: Seltzer man! How you doing?

Customer 2: Walter the Seltzer Man!

Walter Backerman: When I asked my grandfather about the route in the old days, he said to me, it was a tough route, it’s a hard way to make a living. I really wish that you would find something easier to do. And my father too, I remember I went to visit my father in the hospital and my father was really very, very sick, you know his body was kind of giving up on him. And the weird part about it, the last thing my father ever said to me was, you know, I have nightmares about the route. I go to sleep and dream I’m on the route, it just never ends. I wish you didn’t follow in my footsteps. So when you see your grandfather filled with regret about you following in their footsteps, you see your father filled with regret about you following in their footsteps it's got to make you think maybe you could have done something different with your life. Sooner or later, nothing lasts forever, and there may be a time when this is the end of the world for the seltzer route.

SCENE CHANGES: IN TRUCK

Walter Backerman: The time is now 2:30, and we’re in the van Cortland section of the Bronx. We’re about to make a right turn onto Hillman avenue, going around the corner from Mrs. Blitz. She’s been on my route since before I was born. And she was buying seltzer from my father then. Her parents bought from my grandparents. And now they’re gone, Mrs. Blitz’s husband’s gone, my father’s gone. All that’s left of this whole story is me and Mrs. Blitz.

DOOR BELL RINGS

Mildred Blitz, customer: Oh, hello.

Walter Backerman: Oh, don’t you look beautiful, you got all dressed up for me?

Mildred Blitz: Come here. I’ve got a defective bottle here. When Walter comes in the door on Saturday, we just go back over the years. I mean the seltzer is great, but it’s Walter. That’s the thing about his product. He’s the product. It’s not the seltzer, it’s Walter. He talks about retiring, I get sick. While we’re on the subject, would you like a glass of seltzer? I could make you a... with chocolate and milk. (SOUND OF SELTZER SQUIRTING) What’s sad now is the seltzer that’s being sold in the supermarket doesn’t come close. It doesn’t have the taste; it’s nothing. When you open the top it fizzles a little the first time and then it dies, a horrible death. Ich, it’s awful.

Walter Backerman: You got the real thing baby.

Mildred Blitz: That’s right. Drink some more.

Walter Backerman: How many years you actually live in this apartment?

Mildred Blitz: 52 years.

Walter Backerman: Wow, and my father was delivering to you in the late forties.

Mildred Blitz: It was great. Everybody had different men in their lives. You had the seltzer man; you had the milkman. These were the people in your life. It's a different world today. Tempis is fugite, which means time is passing, you know that.

Walter Backerman: Of course. Time flies. It’s funny uh I remember coming here as a kid I might have been ten years old and now I’m almost fifty and I’m still doing it.

Mildred Blitz: You’re not just a seltzer man. You’re too bright. When you told me you were leaving law school to work with Al, I was devastated.

Walter Backerman: Well that's the road not taken.

Mildred Blitz: Not that I have so much regard for lawyers. I mean I’d rather take an honest seltzer man any day of the week but the future for the honest seltzer man is what, is what?

Walter Backerman: I guess you’re right. Seltzer is just an anachronistic profession.

Mildred Blitz: So I think you’re beautiful.

Walter Backerman: God bless you baby, you’re looking pretty good yourself.

Mildred Blitz: It took me hours to get to look like this.

MUSIC FADES IN

Walter Backerman: The time is now 6:30 at night and it’s time to head back home. My whole life was spent doing seltzer and the funny thing about it is that since I’m one of the last left as far as the seltzer world is concerned it’s like to a lot of people I’m selling memories. When I come back and I bring the seltzer. It’s the same bottles that my father delivered to them, maybe that my grandfather delivered to the grandparents. You come into their house, for some reason for that moment in time the husband’s still there the kids are still there, they’re young. Somehow, I bring in history.

MUSIC FADES UP

I like being the seltzer man.

MUSIC ENDS

Noah Adams, host: New York Works is produced by Emily Botein and Joe Richman, with help from Ben Shapiro. The series is a collaboration between Radio Diaries and WNYC’s The Next Big Thing. This is All Things Considered from NPR news.

2002 Emily Botein & Joe Richman

</div>
</div>

3. Look up the words in the text you don't know.

4. Write a couple of paragraphs talking about what you heard and read.
<div id="B"></div>
==Part B==

1. Watch the video [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/15/walter-backerman-seltzer-_n_1966949.html here]. Click <nowiki>[cc]</nowiki> to watch with subtitles.

2. Now watch the video a second time and write down 10 words or expressions that are new to you or that you find interesting. After doing that, write sentences with those words.

3. Now, write an essay.

Talk about the video. What is the subject. What are the problems Walter faces? What is his outlook on life? What do the bottles represent? Et cetera.

4. Read the essay to your teacher and then talk a little more about the subject.

{{#widget:DISQUS
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:What Is a Leap Year?

2015-08-22T12:52:00Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you keep a calendar? How do you use it?
# How important is using a calendar for you?
# Do you know what a leap year is?
# Do you know anybody who was born on February, 29th?
# How would you celebrate your birthday if you were born on February, 29th? How would you feel?
# How many days does one leap year have?
# How does the leap year affect people?
# Are you interested in astronomy?
# Why is there a leap year every 4 years?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition2|leap|year}}
{{Definition|born}}
{{Definition|previous}}
{{Definition|trouble}}
{{Definition|understand}}
{{Definition|full}}
{{Definition|spin}}
{{Definition|orbit}}
{{Definition|drift}}
{{Definition|sink}}
{{Definition|set}}
{{Definition|cool}}
{{Definition2|figure|out}}
{{Definition|specifically}}
{{Definition|notice}}
{{Definition|century}}
{{Definition|astronomer}}
{{Definition|actually}}
{{Definition|revise}}
{{Definition|version}}
{{Definition|rule}}
{{Definition|sync}}
{{Definition|rotation}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|56zlm9qhVGc}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
You probably know that this year 2012 is a leap year. And that means that this year we get an extra day on February, 29th. So instead of having 365 days this year, there will be 366. Great! An extra day, who really cares? Well people born on February, 29th on some previous leap year, also known as leaplings, they care, because they finally get to celebrate their real birthday. But, for the rest of us it’s just a day like any other day. Whoopdy doo. So, why do we go to all the trouble to have a leap year? Well, I’ll explain, now we all understand that day. One full day is actually how long it takes for the Earth to spin around exactly once. And a year is how long it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun exactly once. So while the Earth orbits around the Sun in a full year, it spins around three hundred and sixty five point two five times. In other words, one full year equals 365.25 days. This is called the astronomical year. But here is the problem, our calendar year is only 365 days and that’s because there’s really no way to have a .25 day. And so those extra .25 days they just keep accumulating and what they do is make it so that the stars slowly drift out of sync with our calendar. So this is where leap year comes in to save the day. Every year we set aside those .25 days until the fourth year when they equal one full day. And then on the fourth year we put that extra day on February 29th , then we call it leap day. Bamm, we’re back in sync. That’s why February, 29th exists. Cool! But the real interesting thing, is how we humans figured this all out. It really was the Egyptians, who first figured out leap year.
<br>
They noticed by watching the stars, specifically the Sirius star. That the astronomical year was actually 365.25 days and they noticed this by seeing the Sirius star slowly drifting out of sync. But the western world wasn’t so fast to figure this all out. It wasn’t until many centuries later when Julius Cesar with the help of an astronomer, discovered just like the Egyptians first did that a year is really 365.25 days and they created the Julian calendar with the leap year that we know and love to fix that problem. Well done Julius! Well, not so fast. You see, if you want to get really exact about it, the astronomical year is actually 365.2422 days which is 11min. 14 sec. shorter than the Julian calendar. And that means in a hundred and twenty eight years from now, if we use the Julian calendar, we’ll be off again by one full day. So today, we use a revised version of the Julian calendar.
<br>
It’s called the Gregorian calendar because pope Gregory initiated it. The Gregorian calendar is just like the Julian calendar, but it has got a few more rules, so while every fourth year is a leap year. Every year that’s divisible by 100 are now no longer leap years. That means that years 1700, 1800, 1900 those were not leap years even knowing they normally would be. And here is another rule, if the year is also divisible by 400, then it is still a leap year. Which means that the year 2000 that was a leap year. And without those complicated rules, our calendars can stay in sync with the star for millennia to come. But, one more thing. Did you know that the Earth’s rotation is slowing at a way of .005 seconds per year? And that means in about two billion years we’re gonna have to add one more leap year to keep us in sync. But don’t worry we’ve got plenty of time to revise the calendar and fix that.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about how you use calendars and how you usually schedule things. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Awaiting review]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:What is content marketing?

2015-08-22T12:51:48Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Do you know what content marketing is?
# What are your top content marketing tips for those starting out?
# What are the different types of marketing?
# What is the most popular way of advertising?
# Why do you buy one product over another?
# What makes a good brand: the product, the marketing itself or both? Why?
# What kind of advertisements attract your attention?
# What makes a good ad?
# Why is it necessary to advertise?
# How would you advertise something you wanted to sell?
# Describe a marketing campaign that you have seen or heard on TV or the radio. What was it about? How long did the commercial last? Did it make you want to buy the product?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|socialize}}
{{Definition|content}}
{{Definition|business}}
{{Definition|succeed}}
{{Definition|draw}}
{{Definition|leads}}
{{Definition|sales}}
{{Definition|publishing}}
{{Definition|promotion}}
{{Definition|unique}}
{{Definition|engage}}
{{Definition|intriguing}}
{{Definition|trusted}}
{{Definition|rates}}
{{Definition|spread}}
{{Definition|summarize}}
{{Definition|field}}
{{Definition|basis}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|dKgRGyjd_sM}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Every day more and more people are using search engines and social media to search for content and socialize on the web. You already know that in order for your business to succeed in this new age, you need to draw these people to your website, but how? With content marketing you can build a permanent source of traffic, leads and sales. And best of all, with the right system you can do it for less than cost of other forms of marketing.<br> <br>

What is content marketing? <br><br>

It's centered around the creation, publishing and promotion of custom content, placed on carefully designed and tested landing pages. All done on a regular basis. <br><br>

How does it work? <br><br>

It all starts with creating lots of content but not just any old content, in order to draw people to your website, you need to create unique, interesting content that helps people solve their problems and answers their questions. Each piece of content you create should have a catchy title or headline that captures people's attention and finally, your content must also be properly keyword optimized to rank high in the search engines. <br><br>
Once you've created your content, it's time to publish it to your website and to other popular sites on the web. Content for your website can be in the form of articles, blog posts, white papers, e-books, how-to videos and more. All placed on carefully designed and tested landing pages. Each page of new content you've published is another opportunity to draw more people into your site from search engines and social media sites. And as an added bonus, adding all this great content to your site on a regular basis will build your site into a trusted authority in your industry. Keep your visitors coming back often and staying longer and increase your conversion rates. <br><br>
Now that your site is alive and growing each month with fresh custom content, it's time to publish more content on other popular sites out on the web. This means publishing your content to blogs, article directories, video sharing sites and other high-traffic sites. And since the content you've published in these sites contains links back to your site you get more traffic and higher link popularity. Overtime this causes the content you've placed on your own site to rank higher in the search engines. Content marketing also involves promoting all of your new content using social networking and bookmarking sites. This is where you go out and spread the word about all that great new content you've been creating. And since your content is so helpful or interesting, people tell others about it. And before you know it, lots of people are coming to your site to check it out. <br><br>
And, now comes the part where all that time spent creating great content finally pays off. Once people find your content and land on your website you turn them into qualified leads using carefully testing landing pages with call-to-action links or contact forms. <br><br>
To summarize, by creating, publishing and promoting helpful interesting content on a regular basis, content marketing will help you develop your site into a trusted authority in your field, increase your site's conversion rates, rank higher in the search engines for competitive keywords, build a permanent source of targeted links and traffic and generate lots of qualified leads and sales from your site.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs explaining what content marketing is and giving your personal opinion on the subject. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Lessons in development]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Leaders and Leadership

2015-08-22T12:51:36Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation questions==

#What do you think about when you hear the word leader?
#What do you think about when you hear the word leadership?
#Do you consider yourself to be a leader or a follower? Explain.
#Are you a good leader?
#Are you a good follower?
#What are the main characteristics of a good leader?
#What makes a bad leader bad?
#Who are the leaders you admire? Please, talk about them.
#Do you think leadership is a natural talent or something that can be developed? Explain your thoughts.
#What are the biggest challenges leaders face?
#If you were the leader of your school/work, what changes would you make?
#Do you think that leadership is an important topic to study? Why?
#What happens to an organization that has a great leader?
#What happens to an organization that has a bad leader?
#What do you think of the leadership in our country?
#Do you think leadership must necessarily be stressful?
#Do you believe it's possible to be a leader in a romantic relationship?
#Is there any relationship between being a leader and being happy?
#Do you agree that sometimes leaders must take harsh actions to be effective?
#How should a leader go about critiquing someone?

==Situations==

#Imagine that you're the principal of a school. In this school there is a teacher who is 24 years old. You find out that this teacher is involved in a romantic relationship with a student who's 2 weeks away from turning 18. What would you do?
#Imagine one day people knock on your door and tell you that you are the chosen one. The one leader of prophecy and that will save them all and that you must lead your people. Your country is small and being threatened by a much larger country who's trying to control it. What would you do?

[[Category:Conversation]]
[[Category:Lessons in development]]

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|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to become a lifehacker

2015-08-22T12:51:27Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#What springs to mind when you hear the word 'hacker'?
#Does technology save time or does it just make us waste more time?
#How has technology changed the way you live?
#If you had the possibility of only working from your house on your computer, would you do it and why?
#Have you ever tried to create something that made your life easier? What?
#What invention do you think has had the greatest impact on society? Why?
#Do you remember the first time you used a computer or the Internet? What did you think about it?
#Would you hack anything to improve your daily tasks? What?
#What do you think the world will be like a hundred years from now?
#Have you ever studied English using your computer?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|steal}}
{{Definition|system}}
{{Definition|hacking}}
{{Definition|check}}
{{Definition|entrench}}
{{Definition|efficient}}
{{Definition|range}}
{{Definition|creative}}
{{Definition|about}}
{{Definition|search}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|PKqBfVNWCEQ}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Interviewer: When you hear the word hacking, you generally think of "bad people getting into your computer to steal your identity or do things like that". That's Whitson Gordon, he is the deputy editor of Lifehacker.com.<br>
WG: Well, what the word hacking really means is just finding a clever way to do something, and often that's a clever way to work around an established system. <br>
Interviewer: And you'd be surprised at how many established systems there are in your own life. Like, there is a system for how you get up in the morning, and a system for how you check your email and a system you use for your calendar and on and on and on.<br>
WG: A lot of us are so entrenched in the systems that we're a part of and the way that we work day to day that we don't realize that sometimes there is an easier way to do something. <br>
Interviewer: And so yeah, hacking into someone's bank account, that's really bad, but hacking into your own life, that can be really good. Because the way that we do things, generally sucks. <br>
WG: Life hacking can range from doing something to your wireless router to get better reception, to making your headphones stay better in your ear with a two-dollar pair of ear plugs. It's just little things that make your day-to-day life easier and more efficient. <br>
Interviewer: So how do I go about hacking systems in my own life?<br>
WG: The first thing I would do is go by your work as normal and maybe take a little bit of time at the end of each day, just ten minutes to think about what you did that day. You know, this point in my day was really inefficient, how can I maybe do that better? Do that every day and you'll start to see where maybe the inefficiencies are in your work, you know, maybe you spend way too much time trying to wade through emails, you spend way too much time typing out certain things.<br>
Interviewer: From there I just have to be really creative and think outside the box. Is there any tricks that you have at that point?
WG: Yeah, if you say to yourself "God, I'm spending so much time typing out this, this tedious stuff all day long." You go on to Google, you search for "how to save yourself time typing". And you'll find not just a lot of solutions from people, but a lot of actual programs for computers that people have written to deal with that specific problem. <br>
Interviewer: What would be the purpose behind caring about lifehacks?<br>
WG: You know most of us are wasting, just wasting ‘x’ percent of our time on tedious tasks or wasting ‘x’ percent of our money on things that we could easily make ourselves and by dedicating part of your day to reorganizing your thoughts and rehacking some of these little things that you do every day, you can save a ton of time, you know, be more productive, have more time to spend on the things that are really more important.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs sharing a few of your life hacks. If you can't think of any that you already use, think about ones you could implement. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Awaiting review]]

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to eat: like predator or prey?

2015-08-22T12:51:15Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#How concerned are you about how and what you eat?
#Are you concerned about your daily calorie intake when choosing something to eat?
#Do you think you have a healthy diet? What have you eaten so far today?
#Do you agree that "we are what we eat"? Why?
#Do you think a vegetarian diet is better than a diet that includes meat? Why or why not?
#What are some foods that you know are healthy?
#Why do you think obesity is becoming such a problem in the United States and throughout the world?
#How many meals a day do you think should be eaten?
#What do you think about super-sizing?
#How often do you have unhealthy food?
#Are food portions too big for our health?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|predator}}
{{Definition|bunch}}
{{Definition|meal}}
{{Definition|snack}}
{{Definition|gorge}}
{{Definition|prey}}
{{Definition|cattle}}
{{Definition|grease}}
{{Definition|feed}}
{{Definition|grumpy}}
{{Definition|fix}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|Ca9GYi6EevI}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Narrator: We recently spoke with J. Stanton about what we eat. Now we wanna talk to him about how we eat and how that affects us. So J., we've all heard you should eat a bunch of small meals throughout the day to lose weight, but is there any truth to that?
J.S.: Absolutely not, you don't lose weight by eating, you lose weight by not eating. By analogy, you can look at how animals eat: Predators, which are uniformly lean and muscular, they'll gorge on their kill and then fast for extended periods of time, sometimes only eating once every day or every few days. The other extreme, prey animals like cattle, graze constantly and they get very, very fat doing that. So by analogy to humans, not that we should eat once every three days but it is better to eat like a predator than like prey.
Narrator: So is it more about how often we eat or how much?
J.S.: in my experience and I think in most people's experience it's much easier to limit the number of times you eat than to try and limit the quantity you eat when you do eat.
Narrator: Huh, well I know for me if I don't eat something every couple of hours I tend to get pretty "hangry".
J.S.: I used to be the guy you had to feed every three hours or he turned into an ogre. Oh, got to feed J. again, he is getting grumpy. Narrator: So you're saying your body eventually gets used to eating less often and if that's the case, what is the biggest difference we'll notice going from grazing like prey to eating like predator?
J.S.: The most important change is that food doesn't run your life. Once you don't have to keep stuffing yourself with little snacks every couple of hours, you'll realize how much more time you have to devote to fixing yourself real food.
Narrator: Really interesting stuff here. Again, thanks to J. Stanton for his insight into how and what we eat. And be sure to check out this website...
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs commenting the information in the video. Do you agree with it or not? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can. This is your opportunity to show off your writing skills.

[[Category:Transcript ok]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:He Fixes Radios by Thinking!

2015-08-22T12:51:01Z

Solernevital:

= Instructions =

===Reading comprehension===

:::The first thing you should do is read the passage. Look up the words you don't know in [http://www.dictionary.com/ www.dictionary.com]

===Reading aloud===

:::Once you understand the text, read it aloud to your teacher once. Write down the words you have difficulty pronouncing.

===Listening===

:::After reading it once and writing down the words you have difficulty with, it's time for you to listen to the recording and pay attention to the correct pronunciation.

===Practicing===

:::Now, read the text again as many times as necessary until it becomes easy for you to read it. The goal is to attain fluency in reading this specific text before you move on to a new one. You may find it useful to download the audio file into your mp3 player and listen to it outside of the classroom. This exercise may take several classes to be finished, but the goal is not to finish it quickly, but to master it completely.

== Part A ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
When I was about eleven or twelve I set up a lab in my house. It consisted of an old wooden packing box that I put shelves in. I had a heater, and I'd put in fat and cook french-fried potatoes all the time. I also had a storage battery, and a lamp bank.

To build the lamp bank I went down to the five-and-ten and got some sockets you can screw down to a wooden base, and connected them with
pieces of bell wire. By making different combinations of switches--in series or parallel--I knew I could get different voltages. But what I hadn't realized was that a bulb's resistance depends on its temperature, so the results of my calculations weren't the same as the stuff that came out of the circuit. But it was all right, and when the bulbs were in series, all half-lit, they would gloooooooooow, very pretty--it was great!

I had a fuse in the system so if I shorted anything, the fuse would blow. Now I had to have a fuse that was weaker than the fuse in the house, so I made my own fuses by taking tin foil and wrapping it around an old burnt-out fuse. Across my fuse I had a five-watt bulb, so when my fuse blew, the load from the trickle charger that was always charging the storage battery would light up the bulb. The bulb was on the switchboard behind a piece of brown candy paper (it looks red when a light's behind it)--so if something went off, I'd look up to the switchboard and there would be a big red spot where the fuse went. It was fun!

I enjoyed radios. I started with a crystal set that I bought at the store, and I used to listen to it at night in bed while I was going to sleep, through a pair of earphones. When my mother and father went out until late at night, they would come into my room and take the earphones off--and worry about what was going into my head while I was asleep.

About that time I invented a burglar alarm, which was a very simple-minded thing: it was just a big battery and a bell connected with some wire.

When the door to my room opened, it pushed the wire against the battery and closed the circuit, and the bell would go off.
One night my mother and father came home from a night out and very, very quietly, so as not to disturb the child, opened the door to come into my room to take my earphones off. All of a sudden this tremendous bell went off with a helluva racket --BONG BONG BONG BONG BONG!!! I jumped out of bed yelling, "It worked! It worked!"
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20A.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20A.mp3</html5media>
|}

== Part B ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
I had a Ford coil--a spark coil from an automobile--and I had the spark terminals at the top of my switchboard. I would put a Raytheon RH tube, which had argon gas in it, across the terminals, and the spark would make a purple glow inside the vacuum--it was just great!
One day I was playing with the Ford coil, punching holes in paper with the sparks, and the paper caught on fire. Soon I couldn't hold it any more because it was burning near my fingers, so I dropped it in a metal wastebasket which had a lot of newspapers in it. Newspapers burn fast, you know, and the flame looked pretty big inside the room. I shut the door so my mother--who was playing bridge with some friends in the living room--wouldn't find out there was a fire in my room, took a magazine that was lying nearby, and put it over the wastebasket to smother the fire.

After the fire was out I took the magazine off, but now the room began to fill up with smoke. The wastebasket was still too hot to handle, so I got a pair of pliers, carried it across the room, and held it out the window for the smoke to blow out.
But because it was breezy outside, the wind lit the fire again, and now the magazine was out of reach. So I pulled the flaming wastebasket back in through the window to get the magazine, and I noticed there were curtains in the window--it was very dangerous!

Well, I got the magazine, put the fire out again, and this time kept the magazine with me while I shook the glowing coals out of the wastepaper basket onto the street, two or three floors below. Then I went out of my room, closed the door behind me, and said to my mother, "I'm going out to play," and the smoke went out slowly through the windows.

I also did some things with electric motors and built an amplifier for a photo cell that I bought that could make a bell ring when I put my hand in front of the cell. I didn't get to do as much as I wanted to, because my mother kept putting me out all the time, to play. But I was often in the house, fiddling with my lab.

I bought radios at rummage sales. I didn't have any money, but it wasn't very expensive-they were old, broken radios, and I'd buy them and try to fix them. Usually they were broken in some simple-minded way--some obvious wire was hanging loose, or a coil was broken or partly unwound--so I could get some of them going. On one of these radios one night I got WACO in Waco, Texas--it was tremendously exciting!
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20B.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20B.mp3</html5media>
|}

== Part C ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
On this same tube radio up in my lab I was able to hear a station up in Schenectady called WGN. Now, all of us kids-- my two cousins, my sister, and the neigh borhood kids--listened on the radio downstairs to a program called the Eno Crime Club--Eno effervescent salts--it was the thing! Well, I discovered that I could hear this program up in my lab on WGN one hour before it was broadcast in New York! So I'd discover what was going to happen, and then, when we were all sitting around the radio downstairs listening to the Eno Crime Club, I'd say, "You know, we haven't heard from so-and-so in a long time. I betcha he comes and saves the situation."

Two seconds later, bup-bup, he comes! So they all got excited about this, and I predicted a couple of other things. Then they realized that there must be some trick to it--that I must know, somehow. So I owned up to what it was, that I could hear it upstairs the hour before.

You know what the result was, naturally. Now they couldn't wait for the regular hour, They all had to sit upstairs in my lab with this little creaky radio for half an hour, listening to the Eno Crime Club from Schenectady.

We lived at that time in a big house; it was left by my grandfather to his children, and they didn't have much money aside from the house. It was a very large, wooden house, and I would run wires all around the outside, and had plugs in all the rooms, so I could always listen to my radios, which were upstairs in my lab. I also had a loudspeaker--not the whole speaker, but the part without the big horn on it.

One day, when I had my earphones on, I connected them to the loudspeaker, and I discovered something: I put my finger in the speaker and I could hear it in the earphones; I scratched the speaker and I'd hear it in the earphones. So I discovered that the speaker could act like a microphone, and you didn't even need any batteries. At school we were talking about Alexander Graham Bell, so I gave a demonstration of the speaker and the earphones. I didn't know it at the time, but I think it was the type of telephone he originally used.

So now I had a microphone, and I could broadcast from upstairs to downstairs, and from downstairs to upst airs, using the amplifiers of my rummage-sale radios. At that time my sister Joan, who was nine years younger than I was, must have been about two or three, and there was a guy on the radio called Uncle Don that she liked to listen to. He'd sing little songs about "good children," and so on, and he'd read cards sent in by parents telling that "Mary So -and-so is having a birthday this Saturday at 25 Flatbush Avenue."

One day my cousin Francis and I sat Joan down and said that there was a special program she should listen to. Then we ran upstairs and we
started to broadcast: "This is Uncle Don. We know a very nice little girl named Joan who lives on New Broadway; she's got a birthday coming--not today, but such-and-such. She's a cute girl." We sang a little song, and then we made music: "Deedle leet deet, doodle doodle loot doot; deedle deedle leet, doodle loot doot doo We went through the whole deal, and then we came downstairs: "How was it? Did you like the program?"

"It was good," she said, "but why did you make the music with your mouth?"
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20C.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20C.mp3</html5media>
|}

== Part D ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
One day I got a telephone call: "Mister, are you Richard Feynman ?"

"Yes."

"This is a hotel. We have a radio that doesn't work, and would like it repaired. We understand you might be able to do something about it."

"But I'm only a little boy," I said. "I don't know how--"

"Yes, we know that, but we'd like you to come over anyway."

It was a hotel that my aunt was running, but I didn't know that. I went over there with--they still tell the story--a big screwdriver in my back pocket. Well, I was small, so any screwdriver looked big in my back pocket.

I went up to the radio and tried to fix it. I didn't know anything about it, but there was also a handyman at the hotel, and either he noticed, or I noticed, a loose knob on the rheostat --to turn up the volume--so that it wasn't turning the shaft. He went off and filed something, and fixed it up so it worked.

The next radio I tried to fix didn't work at all. That was easy: it wasn't plugged in right. As the repair jobs got more and more complicated, I got better and better, and more elaborate. I bought myself a milliammeter in New York and converted it into a voltmeter that had different scales on it by using the right lengths (which I calculated) of very fine copper wire. It wasn't very accurate, but it was good enough to tell whether things were in the right ballpark at different connections in those radio sets.

The main reason people hired me was the Depression. They didn't have any money to fix their radios, and they'd hear about this kid who would do it for less. So I'd climb on roofs to fix antennas, and all kinds of stuff. I got a series of lessons of ever-increasing difficulty. Ultimately I got some job like converting a DC set into an AC set, and it was very hard to keep the hum from going through the system, and I didn't build it quite right. I shouldn't have bitten that one off, but I didn't know.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20D.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20D.mp3</html5media>
|}

== Part E ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
One job was really sensational. I was working at the time for a printer, and a man who knew that printer knew I was trying to get jobs fixing radios, so he sent a fellow around to the print shop to pick me up. The guy is obviously poor--his car is a complete wreck--and we go to his house which is in a cheap part of town. On the way, I say, "What's the trouble with the radio?"

He says, "When I turn it on it makes a noise, and after a while the noise stops and everything's all right, but I don't like the noise at the beginning."

I think to myself: "What the hell! If he hasn't got any money, you'd think he could stand a little noise for a while."

And all the time, on the way to his house, he's saying things like, "Do you know anything about radios? How do you know about radios--you're just a little boy!"

He's putting me down the whole way, and I'm thinking, "So what's the matter with him? So it makes a little noise."

But when we got there I went over to the radio and turned it on. Little noise? My God! No wonder the poor guy couldn't stand it. The thing began to roar and wobble--WUH BUH BUH BUH BUH--A tremendous amount of noise. Then it quieted down and played correctly. So I started to think:

"How can that happen?"

I start walking back and forth, thinking, and I realize that one way it can happen is that the tubes are heating up in the wrong order--that is, the amplifier's all hot, the tubes are ready to go, and there's nothing feeding in, or there's some back circuit feeding in, or something wrong in the beginning part --the HF part--and therefore it's making a lot of noise, picking up something. And when the RF circuit's finally going, and the grid voltages are adjusted, everything's all right.

So the guy says, "What are you doing? You come to fix the radio, but you're only walking back and forth!"

I say, "I'm thinking!" Then I said to myself, "All right, take the tubes out, and reverse the order completely in the set." (Many radio sets in those days used the same tubes in different places--212's, I think they were, or 212-A's.) So I changed the tubes around, stepped to the front of the radio, turned the thing on, and it's as quiet as a lamb: it waits until it heats up, and then plays perfectly --no noise.

When a person has been negative to you, and then you do something like that, they're usually a hundred percent the other way, kind of to
compensate. He got me other jobs, and kept telling everybody what a tremendous genius I was, saying, "He fixes radios by thinking!" The whole idea of thinking, to fix a radio --a little boy stops and thinks, and figures out how to do it--he never thought that was possible.
Radio circuits were much easier to understand in those days because everything was out in the open. After you took the set apart (it was a big problem to find the right screws), you could see this was a resistor, that's a condenser, here's a this, there's a that; they were all labeled. And if wax had been dripping from the condenser, it was too hot and you could tell that the condenser was burned out. If there was charcoal on one of the resistors you knew where the trouble was. Or, if you couldn't tell what was the matter by looking at it, you'd test it with your voltmeter and see whether voltage was coming through. The sets were simple, the circuits were not complicated. The voltage on the grids was always about one and a half or two volts and the voltages on the plates were one hundred or two hundred, DC. So it wasn't hard for me to fix a radio by understanding what was going on inside, noticing that something wasn't working right, and fixing it.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20E.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20E.mp3</html5media>
|}

== Part F ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
Sometimes it took quite a while. I remember one particular time when it took the whole afternoon to find a burned-out resistor that was not apparent. That particular time it happened to be a friend of my mother, so I had time-there was nobody on my back saying, "What are you doing?"

Instead, they were saying, "Would you like a little milk, or some cake?" I finally fixed it because I had, and still have, persistence. Once I get on a puzzle, I can't get off. If my mother's friend had said, "Never mind, it's too much work," I'd have blown my top, because I want to beat this damn thing, as long as I've gone this far. I can't just leave it after I've found out so much about it. I have to keep going to find out ult imately what is the matter with it in the end.

That's a puzzle drive. It's what accounts for my wanting to decipher Mayan hieroglyphics, for trying to open safes. I remember in high school, during first period a guy would come to me with a puzzle in geomet ry, or something which had been assigned in his advanced math class. I wouldn't stop until I figured the damn thing out--it would take me fifteen or twenty minutes. But during the day, other guys would come to me with the same problem, and I'd do it for them in a flash. So for one guy, to do it took me twenty minutes, while there were five guys who thought I was a supergenius.

So I got a fancy reputation. During high school every puzzle that was known to man must have come to me. Every damn, crazy conundrum that
people had invented, I knew. So when I got to MIT there was a dance, and one of the seniors had his girlfriend there, and she knew a lot of puzzles, and he was telling her that I was pretty good at them. So during the dance she came over to me and said, "They say you're a smart guy, so here's one for you: A man has eight cords of wood to chop . . ."

And I said, "He starts by chopping every other one in three parts," because I had heard that one.

Then she'd go away and come back with another one, and I'd always know it.

This went on for quite a while, and finally, near the end of the dance, she came over, looking as if she was going to get me for sure this time, and she said, "A mother and daughter are traveling to Europe . . ."

"The daughter got the bubonic plague."

She collapsed! That was hardly enough clues to get the answer to that one: It was the long story about how a mother and daughter stop at a hotel and stay in separate rooms, and the next day the mother goes to the daughter's room and there's nobody there, or somebody else is there, and she says, "Where's my daughter?" and the hotel keeper says, "What daughter?" and the register's got only the mother's name, and so on, and so on, and there's a big mystery as to what happened. The answer is, the daughter got bubonic plague, and the hotel, not wanting to have to close up, spirits the daughter away, cleans up the room, and erases all evidence of her having been there. It was a long tale, but I had heard it, so when the girl started out with, "A mother and daughter are traveling to Europe," I knew one thing that started that way, so I took a flying guess, and got it.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20F.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20F.mp3</html5media>
|}

== Part G ==

{| class="prettytable"
|
We had a thing at high school called the algebra team, which consisted of five kids, and we would travel to different schools as a team and have competitions. We would sit in one row of seats and the other team would sit in another row. A teacher, who was running the contest, would take out an envelope, and on the envelope it says "forty-five seconds." She opens it up, writes the problem on the blackboard, and says, "Go!"--so you really have more than forty-five seconds because while she's writing you can think. Now the game was this: You have a piece of paper, and on it you can write anything, you can do anything. The only thing that counted was the answer. If the answer was "six books," you'd have to write "6," and put a big circle around it. If what was in the circle was right, you won; if it wasn't, you lost.

One thing was for sure: It was practically impossible to do the problem in any conventional, straightforward way, like putting "A is the number of red books, B is the number of blue books," grind, grind, grind, until you get "six books." That would take you fifty seconds, because the people who set up the timings on these problems had made them all a trifle short. So you had to think, "Is there a way to see it?" Sometimes you could see it in a flash, and sometimes you'd have to invent another way to do it and then do the algebra as fast as you could. It was wonderful practice, and I got better and better, and I eventually got to be the head of the team. So I learned to do algebra very quickly, and it came in handy in college. When we had a problem in calculus, I was very quick to see where it was going and to do the algebra--fast.

Another thing I did in high school was to invent problems and theorems. I mean, if I were doing any mathematical thing at all, I would find some practical example for which it would be useful. I invented a set of right-triangle problems. But instead of giving the lengths of two of the sides to find the third, I gave the difference of the two sides. A typical example was: There's a flagpole, and there's a rope that comes down from the top. When you hold the rope straight down, it's three feet longer than the pole, and when you pull the rope out tight, it's five feet from the base of the pole. How high is the pole?

I developed some equations for solving problems like that, and as a result I noticed some connection--perhaps it was sin2 + cos2 = 1--that reminded me of trigonometry. Now, a few years earlier, perhaps when I was eleven or twelve, I had read a book on trigonometry that I had checked out from the library, but the book was by now long gone. I remembered only that trigonometry had something to do with relations between sines and cosines. So I began to work out all the relations by drawing triangles, and each one I proved by myself. I also calculated the sine, cosine, and tangent of every five degrees, starting with the sine of five degrees as given, by addition and half-angle formulas that I had worked out.

A few years later, when we studied trigonometry in school, I still had my notes and I saw that my demonstrations were often different from those in the book. Sometimes, for a thing where I didn't notice a simple way to do it, I went all over the place till I got it. Other times, my way was most clever--the standard demonstration in the book was much more complicated! So sometimes I had 'em beat, and sometimes it was the other way around.

While I was doing all this trigonometry, I didn't like the symbols for sine, cosine, tangent, and so on. To me, "sin f" looked like s times i times n times f! So I invented another symbol, like a square root sign, that was a sigma with a long arm sticking out of it, and I put the f underneath. For the tangent it was a tau with the top of the tau extended, and for the cosine I made a kind of gamma, but it looked a little bit like the square root sign.

Now the inverse sine was the same sigma, but left -to-right reflected so that it started with the horizontal line with the value underneath, and then the sigma. That was the inverse sine, NOT sine to the negative one f--that was crazy! They had that in books! To me, sin_i meant i/sine, the reciprocal. So my symbols were better.

I didn't like f(x)--that looked to me like f times x. I also didn't like dy/dx--you have a tendency to cancel the d's--so I made a different sign, something like an & sign. For logarithms it was a big L extended to the right, with the thing you take the log of inside, and so on.

I thought my symbols were just as good, if not better, than the regular symbols--it doesn't make any difference what symbols you use--but I discovered later that it does make a difference. Once when I was explaining something to another kid in high school, without thinking I started to make these symbols, and he said, "What the hell are those?" I realized then that if I'm going to talk to anybody else, I'll have to use the standard symbols, so I eventually gave up my own symbols.

I had also invented a set of symbols for the typewriter, like FORTRAN has to do, so I could type equations. I also fixed typewriters, with paper clips and rubber bands (the rubber bands didn't break down like they do here in Los Angeles), but I wasn't a professional repairman; I'd just fix them so they would work. But the whole problem of discovering what was the matter, and figuring out what you have to do to fix it--that was interesting to me, like a puzzle.
|}

{| class="prettytable"
| [http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20G.mp3 Download] ||<html5media>http://metodo.thegrove.com.br/mp3/surely/He%20Fixes%20Radios%20by%20Thinking!%20-%20Part%20G.mp3</html5media>
|}

[[Category:Awaiting review]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How To Stop Fighting With Your Wife or Husband

2015-08-22T12:50:44Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

# What's your opinion about marriage?
# Why do people get married?
# What are some qualities that you think are important in a spouse or partner?
# What's the key for a successful relationship?
# Do you think it is okay for a couple to live together before getting married? Why or Why not?
# Why do people sometimes have arguments in relationships?
# What's the best way to solve problems in a relationship?
# What are some of the main reasons people get divorced?
# Why do you think nowadays we have so many divorces going on?
# Do you think getting married means giving up freedom?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|relationship}}
{{Definition|such}}
{{Definition|bliss}}
{{Definition|bug}}
{{Definition|crap}}
{{Definition|slightly}}
{{Definition|battle}}
{{Definition|painfully}}
{{Definition|treat}}
{{Definition|wimp}}
{{Definition|dimwit}}
{{Definition|choose}}
{{Definition|nag}}
{{Definition|exactly}}
{{Definition|over}}
{{Definition|entire}}
{{Definition|editorialize}}
{{Definition|mode}}
{{Definition|empathize}}
{{Definition|tip}}
{{Definition|hire}}
{{Definition|referee}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|UJ6zbr6Pw30}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Ahh, relationships... They start with such romance and bliss. Until you start bugging the crap out of each other. He never feels like she is listening, she stops trying to even explain herself. When something just slightly irritating happens, battlefield-living room breaks out. Here is the thing, there is a very simple way to get around this. And it's gonna be painfully simple, emphasis on the painful. It's called The Imago Dialogue. Treat it like a game you have to finish. Choose who goes first, that person starts talking about something, anything! The other person listens and tries to remember exactly what she is saying. When it starts to get too long to remember, he says stop and then he repeats back exactly what she just said. Then he says, is there anything else? If there's more she continues. Do this over and over and over until he says, "is there anything else?" And she says "no". Then repeat the entire thing back to her, everything! Now remember: This is not editorializing, this is robotic repeat back mode. The final step is for him to say, “I imagine this makes you feel...”, and then tell her how that probably makes her feel. Boom, that's it. Don't agree, disagree or comment on it. Just listen and empathize. Then switch roles and do it again. Now, little tip: This only works if you can follow the rules! So if your relationship has so much ahh, passion that you can't follow the rules, then hire a referee.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs giving some ideas on how to avoid and stop fights in a relationship. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Proofread lessons]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to Foolproof Your Budget

2015-08-22T12:50:33Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#Are you good at saving money?
#Are you saving money to buy something? If so, what are you planning to buy?
#Are you a price conscious shopper?
#Do you have more than one bank account? If so, how hard/easy is it for you to manage them?
#Do you often put money in the bank? How disciplined are you in doing that?
#Do you sometimes buy things that you don't need?
#Have you ever been in debt? How did you solve this problem?
#How important is money to you?
#How do you manage your money?
#What do you spend most of your money on?
#Is it better to pay with cash or by credit card? Why?
#Are credit cards a good thing?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|payday}}
{{Definition|finally}}
{{Definition|bills}}
{{Definition|overdue}}
{{Definition|stock}}
{{Definition|bounce}}
{{Definition|tough}}
{{Definition|budget}}
{{Definition|gear}}
{{Definition|empty}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|FjKjoepfRog}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
It's payday! Put that check in the bank and get ready to PARTY! Now you can finally pay some overdue bills, buy that gear you've been eyeing, and stock the refrigerator. That is, until the end of the month when the next payday is still days away. More bills are piling up, the refrigerator is empty, checks are bouncing, and you don't have money in the bank to put gas in the car. Living paycheck to paycheck is tough. But there is a system that will make sure you always have the cash you need. It's called the envelope system. Instead of depositing that check into your bank account, cash that check and bring it home. Make envelopes for every budget item you have, like gas, food, rent and so on. Then put the appropriate amount of cash in each envelope. When you wanna buy something, only use cash from the correct envelope. This makes it so you won't overspend in any one category, and you'll always have money for things you need.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about the importance of managing your money well and what can happen if you don't. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Awaiting review]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Why You Should Teach Your Baby Sign Language

2015-08-22T12:50:03Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

# Are you a parent? If not, would you like to be one?
# What do you think are some of the most difficult problems faced by parents when raising a child?
# What is the most annoying or amazing thing about being a parent?
# Do inexperienced parents usually overreact when their kids cry?
# How useful is it to know what your baby is desiring/feeling?
# Do you believe babies can learn how to communicate?
# If so, what means of communication can they use?
# Do you think that raising a boy is easier than a girl? Why?
# What is the most important thing that we need to teach children?
# Are all couples who can have children qualified enough to be parents?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|parenting}}
{{Definition|master}}
{{Definition|seem}}
{{Definition|communicate}}
{{Definition|cry}}
{{Definition2|sign|language}}
{{Definition|smart}}
{{Definition|still}}
{{Definition|teddy}}
{{Definition|bottle}}
{{Definition|verbal}}
{{Definition|repeat}}
{{Definition|resources}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|z7MdFAViyWE}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
So you're new to this whole parenting thing. You've mastered all the basics. But, that little child still seems like an alien life-form. And you can't communicate with it. So it's tree a.m. and she won't stop crying, you don't know what's wrong and you think to yourself: can't you just tell me? No, your baby can't talk. Well, it turns out, babies can learn to tell you what they're thinking before they can talk by learning sign language. You see, babies are smart and even though they haven't learned to speak, they still know what they want. And, they can learn simple signs as earlier as seven months, but, they won't start using the words until much later. Now, your baby can sign teddy, or bottle, or eat. To teach these signs use the signs along with the verbal word every time you say it. Repeat, repeat, repeat. Now you and that little alien are communicating. Need some resources? Here some baby sign videos your kids can watch right now.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about the usefulness of teaching a baby sign language. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Awaiting review]]

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Is America really a democracy?

2015-08-22T12:47:30Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#What type of political system does your country have? What do you think about it?
#How long is the term of elected officials in your country? What do you think about it?
#How are government officials chosen in your country? Do you think this method is fair?
#Should voting be compulsory?
#Is voting an important responsibility of a citizen?
#How can we get more people to vote?
#How could elections be more representative?
#What do you think is the most important political issue right now? Why is it important?
#How interested are you in politics?
#How have your political views changed during your lifetime?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|season}}
{{Definition|height}}
{{Definition|anchor}}
{{Definition|host}}
{{Definition|producer}}
{{Definition|ultimate}}
{{Definition2|for|instance}}
{{Definition|draft}}
{{Definition|bill}}
{{Definition|poll}}
{{Definition|majority}}
{{Definition|establish}}
{{Definition|determine}}
{{Definition|mob}}
{{Definition|instead}}
{{Definition|elect}}
{{Definition|upright}}
{{Definition|superseded}}
{{Definition|officials}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|04n6qrBwFBE}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<br>
Political season is at its height right now and we're all glad to be Americans because we live in a democracy. Wait, is this really a democracy?
BS: America is not a democracy.
<br>- You see I was talking with this guy.
<br>BS: My name is Ben Swann.
<br>- He does a lot of journalism about our political system.
<br>BS: and I am a reporter and anchor of WXIX TV in Cincinnati. I am also the host and producer of Reality Check.
<br>- and I was trying to figure out what he meant, so we started talking about ancient Greece.
<br>BS: Ancient Greece was a democracy, the people had the ultimate say. So, for instance, in the case of the health care law, instead of having law makers who would draft a bill, and vote on the bill, and then let the people know what the decision was, they would write a bill, a health care bill, and then all the people would go to the polls and the people would vote and if the majority of the people said "we like the health care law", it would become law. And if the majority of people said "we don’t like it", then it wouldn't become law. Everything would be based upon majority rules. But when the founders created our constitution and our bill of rights they established a form of government and they actually determined that a democracy was the worst form of government.
<br>- Ah, the worst form of government?
<br>BS: Many of the founders said that democracy was nothing more than mob rule and so they were against democracy and instead felt the correct form of government for this free nation was a republic.
<br>- Ah yes a republic! ...to the republic for which it stands... So, what's a republic?
<br>BS: Well a republic is a form of government, let me start that again, a republic is a form of government where the people will go to the polls to elect men and women who represent them, and then those elected leaders create and vote on laws. The people don't vote directly on laws that affect their life, rather it's lawmakers who are chosen among the people. And these are supposed to be the best, the smartest, the most ethical, the most moral, the most upright men and women in the society who represent the majority of society. And that's the form of government we have in the United States. The other thing that is important to understand as the distinction between democracy and a republic is that a democracy is the rule of man. Man ruling over each other, which our founders believed turns into mob rule. A republic is the rule of law, laws are formed and created as a bill of rights or a constitution and then those laws are never superseded by mob rule or superseded by elected officials. They are all under law. So republic is actually the rule of law.
<br>- You heard it here, we are ruled by law in a republic. Let's go elect some officials then. Ben, thanks for talking.
<br>BS: It was a pleasure.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about democracy. Is it good or bad? Do you like it? How can we make our society more democratic? Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.
<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:IELTS speaking tasks 2

2015-08-22T12:47:13Z

Solernevital:

Use the expressions that follow to do the associated tasks. If you are not familiar with the subject matter of the task, make something up.

==Analyzing==

===There are several points to consider, first of which is...===

#The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. Elaborate on the topic.

===We can break this question down into several parts. First...===

#What makes a person decide to get married?
#What in life makes a person happy?

===Let's look at this step by step. To begin with...===

#How should one organize a big New Year's Eve party?

==Summarizing==

===Altogether, there were...===

#In a ship, there were 140 passenger, 12 crew members and 3 traveling illegally. How many people were there in the ship?

===In the end, they had to...===

#The poor dog was hit by a car. The doctors did all they could to save it but, the injuries being severe, the only human thing to do, as it turned out, was to euthanize it.

===When we consider all the factors...===

#There are five key factors that constitute a healthy lifestyle. These five factors greatly influence the health of your physiology in terms of both the mind and body. Each of these are equally important and you must have a balance of all five. These five factors should play a role in your day-to-day routine. The five factors are diet, exercise, sleep, activity, and happiness.

===Considering all of these ideas, maybe the best thing would be to...===

#The war on drugs, according to some experts in the area, is a complete and total failure. As they explain, not only does it generate more violence by forcing drug dealers to defend themselves from heavily armed police forces, but it also prevents the government from providing the necessary support users need to overcome the problem and stop abusing such substances. On top of that, the amount of money the government spends fighting against it and the amount it loses by not collecting taxes, could be used more efficiently, say the experts, in programs that aim to prevent instead of punishing the use.

==Conversation Repair==

===Maybe I'm not making myself clear. I want to say that...===

#The other person thought you said that you agree with capital punishment. Make it clear that you were in fact against it.

===What I mean to say is...===

#Explain to the person that you were not calling them a cheater, you just say didn't know all the rules.

===What I'm trying to say is...===

#You're trying to tell the person you are not mad, but he/she doesn't understand.

===Another way to put it is...===

#You tried to be delicate in telling the person he/she was annoying you. You might have to be a bit blunt this time.

==Justifying Opinions==

===The reason I believe this is...===

#You believe waking up early is good for your career. Explain why.

===The most important evidence supporting my belief is...===

#You believe the legal system, although flawed in some ways, is still much better than the lawless societies we had in the past. Explain why.

==Speculating==

===I'm not sure what might happen, but one possibility is...===

#What do you believe will happen if you put 20 mentos drops inside a two little bottle of coke?

===It's hard to predict the future, but I suppose it might...===

#What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow?

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to Get Things Done!

2015-08-22T12:47:01Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#Are you a forgetful person? How forgetful are you?
#What do you do to remember all your daily/weekly tasks?
#Do you trust your brain?
#Do you feel angry when people forget things?
#Have you ever forgotten an important meeting or event because you didn't write it down? What was it?
#Are to do lists necessary? Why? Why not?
#What type of gadget/program/list do you recommend for a person that wants to get more organized?
#Are you a determined person? When does determination become stubbornness?
#How committed are you to your personal tasks? Do you try to do them as quickly as possible?
#How committed are you to your professional tasks? Do you ever procrastinate?
#What do you do when you forget things you should have done?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|brain}}
{{Definition|store}}
{{Definition|project}}
{{Definition|practice}}
{{Definition|task}}
{{Definition|random}}
{{Definition|clutter}}
{{Definition|tip}}
{{Definition|dump}}
{{Definition|piece}}
{{Definition|overall}}
{{Definition|whenever}}
{{Definition3|get | rid | of}}
{{Definition2|knock|out}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|4zMHDNiW0ng}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
All the things that you need to get done are stored all over. In your email inbox, on random pieces of paper or in your brain. You often forget to do things. You get overwhelmed by big tasks and overall your mind feels clutter. If you want to be a ninja at getting things done, you need a system. Here are some tips: first collect everything you have to do in one place, this is a big brain dump where you can write down any task that comes to mind. Whenever you think of something you have to do, don’t store it in your prefrontal cortex, write it down. We call this your inbox. Next, put things from your inbox into a place you know you’ll look at, at the right time. This might be your calendar, a shopping list or in a project's folder. Speaking of projects, if a task can’t be done without a series of steps, then you need to turn that task into a project by brainstorming every individual step required to complete that project. Start practicing these simple things and you’ll find your mind is clear and you’re knocking out tasks one at a time.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about yourself and how organized or disorganized you are, maybe share a story of something that happened to you in the past where forgetting to do things created a problem or a funny situation. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Be/get used to something

2015-08-22T12:46:47Z

Solernevital:

Utilizamos a expressão "to be used to" para falar sobre coisas que temos o hábito de fazer ou que estamos acostumados(as) a fazer e a expressão "got used to" para falar de coisas que nos acostumamos a fazer.

Veja o seguinte exemplo:

{| class="prettytable"
| I was afraid '''of''' swimm'''ing''' in the ocean because I was only used '''to''' swimm'''ing''' in a pool. I wasn't used '''to''' swimm'''ing''' in the ocean.
|}

Note que o '''to''' na expressão '''to be used to''' é uma preposição, e como já aprendemos, adicionamos o -'''ing''' ao verbo que segue uma preposição. Assim como aconteceu na primeira sentença, o verbo '''swim''' leva -'''ing''' pois vem depois da preposição '''of'''.

Outros exemplos:

{| class="prettytable"
| After he started his new job, he had almost no time to exercise in the evening, so he got used to exercising in the morning.
|-
| It's difficult for Ethan to wake up early, but with the help of his friend, he is getting used to exercising in the morning.
|-
| He was used to exercising in the morning when he was a kid. Unfortunately, he doesn't do that anymore.
|-
| He is used to exercising in the morning. He wakes up at 5 am, has breakfast and goes out for his daily jog.
|-
| He will be used to exercising in the morning by next year. He just needs time to adjust.
|-
| He will get used to exercising in the morning if he tries to do it consistently for, at least, two weeks.
|-
| He was getting used to exercising in the morning before he had to start working in the evening.
|}

Também podemos usar estas expressões seguidas de substantivos.

Exemplos:

{| class="prettytable"
| She is used to the noise.
|-
| They got used to my company.
|}

==Exercises==

1. Traduza as frases utilizadas nos exemplos acima.

2. Crie frases utilizando as expressões e o contexto dado.

:: a. ( is getting used to ) A friend of yours just bought her first car after getting her driver's license.
:: b. ( was used to ) When your best friend came to live with you, she listened to music all the time. It bothered you because you could never study while listening to music. After a while it stopped bothering you. At that point you could say:
:: c. ( will be used to ) It was a very challenging experience having your first child. Everything was new. But it will not be the same for the second child. So you say:
:: d. ( will get used to ) If you wake up early every morning, eventually, it will be second nature to you.
:: e. ( should get used to ) Exercising is extremely beneficial to people of all ages. It's said that we should:

3. Passe as seguintes frases para a forma negativa e interrogativa.

:: a. He got used to exercising in the morning.
:: b. He is getting used to exercising in the morning.
:: c. He was used to exercising in the morning when he was a kid.
:: d. He is used to exercising in the morning.
:: e. He will be used to exercising in the morning by next year.
:: f. He will get used to exercising in the morning if he tries to do it consistently for, at least, two weeks.
:: g. He was getting used to exercising in the morning.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to Be an Entrepreneur

2015-08-22T12:46:37Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#How can you define an entrepreneur?
#Do you have your own business? If so, what's your business about?
#If not, would you like to have one? Why? Why not?
#What's the biggest challenge people usually face when trying to start a business?
#When should a person decide to quit his/her job and start a business?
#In your opinion, which is better: having a successful business or being a successful employee? Why?
#What motivations does an entrepreneur have?
#Which are the good aspects of being an entrepreneur? And the bad ones? Why?
#Do you consider yourself an entrepreneur? Why? Why not?
#Are there any entrepreneurs you admire? Who?
#What kind of social and political impact entrepreneurs and their businesses can have in a region?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|amazing}}
{{Definition|own}}
{{Definition|business}}
{{Definition|entrepreneur}}
{{Definition|hire}}
{{Definition|job}}
{{Definition|epiphany}}
{{Definition|start}}
{{Definition|hold}}
{{Definition|soon}}
{{Definition|find}}
{{Definition|frustrate}}
{{Definition|certainly}}
{{Definition|realize}}
{{Definition|actually}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|0JaPaeFYE5U}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
You're amazing at your job. And so, one day you had an epiphany: Why am I working for some other dude, who I don't even like that much, when I can start my own business. Congratulations, you're an entrepreneur. Wait, hold it right there muchacho. Starting a business doesn't actually make you an entrepreneur. And, like many so called entrepreneurs, you'll soon find yourself working fifteen hour days. You'll be hiring the wrong people and getting frustrated trying to manage them. And you won't know how to fix the systems that make a great business grow. Suddenly, you realize you didn't create a business, you really just created yourself a new job and this new job kind of sucks. Here is the problem: The first thing you should've asked yourself is: Am I actually an entrepreneur? Because, not everyone is. Yes, see, people generally fall into one of three buckets: technicians, people who are good at doing the work; managers, people who are good at managing the systems people work in; and entrepreneurs, people who love building new opportunities out of, well, nothing. Now, most people fall into the first two categories, right? Like, take Mike for example: The reason Mike wanted his own shop was because he was a great cupcake baker. But, then he found out a very hard lesson: When a technician tries to be a manager or an entrepreneur, it just doesn't work. So, if you want to start a business, first decide "what kind of person are you?", then, find partners who can help you in the other areas.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about:

:1. The businesses you know: their products, services, things you like and don't like.
::or
:2. What it means to be an entrepreneur. How to become one and what an entrepreneur should do to be sucessful.

Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

[[Category:Proofread lessons]]

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:What is organic food?

2015-08-22T12:46:08Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#How concerned are you when choosing a meal to eat?
#Do you believe it's possible to only eat organic food? Why?
#In the world we live today, is it possible to think we'll be able to eat well and healthy as we did in the past? Why?
#Do you usually read the labels of the foods before purchasing them? Does it influence your decisions?
#Do you think these labels have the right information? How important are they?
#Do you think about color when you are preparing a meal?
#How many calories do most people need every day?
#Do you know the nutritional value of the things you eat daily?
#Do you have any food allergies/intolerance?
#How often do you eat unhealthy foods?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|something}}
{{Definition|quick}}
{{Definition|conscious}}
{{Definition|regular}}
{{Definition|instead}}
{{Definition|stuff}}
{{Definition|organic}}
{{Definition|healthy}}
{{Definition|ingredients}}
{{Definition|chemicals}}
{{Definition|pesticides}}
{{Definition|sewage}}
{{Definition|expose}}
{{Definition|sterilize}}
{{Definition|additives}}
{{Definition|amount}}
{{Definition|hormone}}
{{Definition|pump}}
{{Definition|notice}}
{{Definition|nutritious}}
{{Definition|package}}
{{Definition|pronounce}}
{{Definition|track}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|GhIZWhJtY8w}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
So you're at the store and you're looking for something quick and easy to eat. But you're also trying to be health conscious. So, instead of the regular cheesy mac, you go for the organic stuff. Instead of regular chicken nuggets you grab some organic chicken nuggets, then top it off with some organic sandwich cookies. Hmmm, cookies. It's all organic, so it's good for you, right? Well, not always. You see, while forty-five percent of Americans think the organic label means healthy or good, organic really has nothing to do with how nutritious the food is for you. Organic really just defines how the ingredients were created, prepared or raised. Let me explain. Organic means that there aren't any genetically modified ingredients. Also, organic means that no chemicals were used to kill bugs and weeds and that all pesticides are natural instead of synthetic. And, organic means nothing was fertilized with sewage sludge - yeah sewage sludge. Organic also means that nothing was exposed to radiation which some manufacturers do to sterilize food and that no industrial solvents were used to clean things up. Also, organic means there can be no chemical food additives that some foods have to make them stay fresh for an unnatural amount of time. And, if it's meat that there's no routine use of antibiotics or hormones pumped into the animals. And all this stuff is really important, but, notice, organic doesn't necessarily mean that the ingredients are nutritious. So, if you care about healthy foods, it’s more important to just eat whole foods, mostly fruits and vegetables, and avoid package like substances, and yeah, that includes organic cheesy and mac. And here is a really big tip, if you can pronounce all the ingredients in the package you're holding, then you're on the right track.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs describing your diet. What things should you avoid eating? What things do you love to eat? Etc. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Infinitive of purpose

2015-08-22T12:44:09Z

Solernevital:

== Part A ==

Usamos o infinitivo (to + verb) para expressar o propósito que temos ao fazer algo, para explicar o motivo pelo qual fazemos algo.

Example:

{| class="prettytable"
| I called her to explain the situation.
|-
| We studied to pass the test.
|-
| I went to the supermarket to buy fruits.
|}

''Eu liguei para ela para explicar a situação.'' Ou seja, porque eu queria explicar a situação.

Também usamos o infinitivo para falar sobre o propósito de algo, ou porque alguém tem, quer ou precisa de algo.

Example:

{| class="prettytable"
| The water is to keep the body hydrated during your workout.
|-
| She has a dog to keep her company.
|-
| I want an mp3 player to study at home.
|}

Podemos usar in order e so as antes de (to + verb) para dar mais enfase em estilos mais formais.

{| class="prettytable"
| I called her in order to explain the situation.
|-
| We studied so as to pass the test.
|}

Não utilize for nestes casos.

Estaria errado dizer:

{| class="prettytable"
| I called her for explaining the situation. || ERRADO
|-
| We studied for pass the test. || ERRADO
|}

===Exercises===

1. Rewrite the following sentences according to the model.

{| class="prettytable"
| The dog did all the tricks because it wanted to get the treat.
|-
|Possible answers:
*The dog did all the tricks to get the treat.
*The dog did all the tricks in order to get the treat.
*The dog did all the tricks so as to get the treat.
|}

:: a. She called because she wanted to place an order for delivery.
:: b. Katherine went to the door because she had to open it.
:: c. They went to the beach because they wanted to swim.
:: d. She went to New York because she wanted to go shopping.
:: e. We are going to study for the test because we need to get a good grade.
:: f. He took a book with him because he wanted to have something to read on the train.
:: g. Because we want to attract more customers, we need to rethink our marketing strategy.
:: h. Because we wanted to bring him home, we left the party earlier.
:: i. Because she needed to study English, she enrolled in our school.

2. Write sentences using the following expressions.

::a. ( work in order to )
::b. ( be nice to her so as to )
::c. ( calling to ask )
::d. ( saving in order to have )
::e. ( improve our performance so as to )
::f. ( buy a car to travel )
::g. ( write a letter to explain )
::h. ( start the meeting early to have time to )
::i. ( move to a house in order to )
::j. ( exercise more to have )
::k. ( study another language to speak )
::l. ( look for a better job to get )
::m. ( move to another country to experience )
::n. ( have an all-night study session to prepare )
::o. ( go to bed early so that I can )
::p. ( read about politics in order to )
::q. ( call my father to say )

<div id="B"></div>
== Part B ==

Também utilizamos o infinitivo para dizer o que pode ser feito ou deve ser feito com algo:

{| class="prettytable"
| I am starving. I need to get something to eat.
|-
| It's nice going back home. There I always have someone to talk to.
|-
| They will need a place to rest after the hike.
|}

As seguintes expressões também usam o infinitive of purpose:

*time to do something
*opportunity to do something
*chance to do something
*money to do something
*energy to do something

{| class="prettytable"
|I did not have time to call you last night.
|-
|She missed the opportunity to get that job.
|-
|We had a chance to rethink our actions, but ended up choosing the wrong path.
|-
|I should have enough money to travel next year.
|-
|It's clear that they do not have the energy to educate those kids.
|}

Às vezes utilizamos '''so that''' em vez do infinitivo para expressar o propósito que temos ao fazer algo.

Os casos são:

a. quando o propósito é negativo:
{| class="prettytable"
| I got there early so that I wouldn't miss the opening of the show.
|-
| They left us detailed instructions so that we wouldn't worry about what to do in case of an emergency.
|-
| Stay close to me so that you don't get lost.
|}
b. quando usamos '''can''' e '''could'''
{| class="prettytable"
| I'm visiting my aunt so that I can help her decorate her house.
|-
| We deposited $1500 a month so that we could buy a house after getting married.
|-
| He's looking for a job so that he can pay his debts.
|}
c. quando uma pessoa faz algo para que outra possa fazer algo
{| class="prettytable"
| She invited me to the party so that I would meet her friends.
|-
| He sent me his email so that I could stay in touch with him.
|-
| They called 911 so that someone would come and help.
|}

===Exercises===

1. Rewrite the following sentences according to the model.

{| class="prettytable"
| It's not always easy to find a person who can help me.
|-
|It's not always easy to find a person to help me.
|}

:: a. I am looking for a large house that I can rent.
:: b. They asked for a bowl of soup that they could eat.
:: c. She gave me a lot of tasks that I could do.
:: d. I found a book I can read.
:: e. We need friends that can help us in times of need.
:: f. He got money he can invest on our business.
:: g. She asked to use the Internet so she can send emails.
:: h. Hydroelectric power plants need water to be able to produce electricity.
:: i. They requested a knife that could cut the cake.

2. Write sentences using the following expressions.

::a. ( time to escape )
::b. ( opportunity to travel )
::c. ( chance to win )
::d. ( money to buy )
::e. ( energy to finish )
::f. ( so that he can )
::g. ( so that we could )
::h. ( so that he wouldn't )
::i. ( so that they don't )
::j. ( nobody to visit )
::k. ( fruits to eat )
::l. ( maps to guide )
::m. ( computers to develop )
::n. ( time to pick up my sister )
::o. ( opportunity to speak to the dean )
::p. ( chance to make amends )
::q. ( energy to teach )

3. Utilize as expressões em parêntesis para responder às perguntas.

{| class="prettytable"
| Why are you going to the movies? (to watch Avatar)
|-
| I am going to the movies to watch Avatar.
|}

:: a. Why did you invite Ethan to the party? (make him feel welcome)
:: b. Why should we always brush our teeth after a meal? (prevent diseases and bad breath)
:: c. Why do some people spend so much money on clothes? (look nice and impress others)
:: d. Why will she travel to England. (visit her friends and relatives)
:: e. Why must we be polite with our clients? (build trust and loyalty)
:: f. Why did you withdraw all that money? (pay the bills and go shopping at the mall)

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How Casinos Work - The Simple Explanation

2015-08-22T12:43:48Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

# Have you ever been to a casino? Did you win any money or anything?
# Have you ever played any games for money, like poker?
# How do/would you feel in a casino environment? Why?
# What is your opinion about gambling?
# Why is gambling addictive?
# Should casinos be legal? Why?
# Do you think that those who own and run casinos are criminals or swindlers?
# Do you regard putting money in machines for prizes, at an amusement arcade, as gambling?
# Do you play slot machines?
# Is there such a thing as good and bad luck? If so, what is it?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|bunch}}
{{Definition|great}}
{{Definition|pile}}
{{Definition|refer}}
{{Definition|lottery}}
{{Definition|push}}
{{Definition|buttons}}
{{Definition|lights}}
{{Definition|even}}
{{Definition|machine}}
{{Definition|loud}}
{{Definition|keep}}
{{Definition|swindler}}
{{Definition|charge}}
{{Definition|bright}}
{{Definition|unfortunately}}
{{Definition|gamble}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|BwEQ-pR3_LU}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
This is the story of Casinos and how they work.
The story begins with a bunch of people. And these aren't just any other people. They're people with money. And these people get a great idea. They decide to put all of their money in a pile. Now, this pile is what we usually refer to as a Casino. Some people also call it a lottery. Now, at the Casino, these people play games, not only bet. They get to push buttons on machines that have lights and sounds. Sometimes the people even win the game and the machine makes really loud sounds. When this happens, it means that these people get to keep some of the money from the pile. As you can imagine, this makes those people very happy. Everyone sees those people that are happy and they realize that putting the money in a big pile was really a great idea, they want some money too. But, the Casino has a charge for making some of the people really happy. After all, nothing is free and the charge is the rest of the money. Which makes the Casino very happy, and leaves no money for everyone else. But, there is hope, because maybe someday they'll be the one pushing the button that makes the bright lights and loud sounds, and they'll get some of the money out of the pile. But, probably not. Unfortunately, this is the end of the story.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a short story that takes place in a casino using the simple past tense. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Expressions + -ing

2015-08-22T12:43:31Z

Solernevital:

==Expressions + -ing==

Após algumas expressões também adicionamos a terminação -ing ao verbo.

===1. it's no use===

*It's no use calling her now. She will never forgive us.
*It's no use telling them the truth. They will not understand the situation.

===2. there's no point in===

*There's no point in selling the car right now if you will only need the money next year. (simple present)
*There was no point in staying until the end of the class. That's why we decided to leave. (simple past)
*There was no point in you telling her about our affair. You only complicated things. (expression + object + verb)

===3. it's (not) worth===

*They have left already. It's not worth going over there now.
*It's not worth risking your life for so little money.
*The new book that just came out is definitely worth reading.
*It's worth reading all the books in the saga "A Song of Ice and Fire".

===4. have (difficulty/trouble/a hard time)===

*Some people have difficulty making friends.
*I had no trouble following her.

===5. a waste of time/money===

*It's a waste of time watching soap operas.
*It's a waste of time hanging out with her. She has nothing to add.

===6. spend/waste (time)===

*I spent 5 hours trying to convince her not to go.
*I wasted the whole morning fixing my bike.

===7. go -ing===

Usamos '''go -ing''' para uma serie de atividades, principalmente esportes.

{| class="prettytable"
| go shopping || go climbing || go swimming
|-
| go sailing || go skiing || go riding
|-
| go fishing || go sightseeing ||
|}

*Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon?
*I love to go skiing in the winter.
*I always go sightseeing when I travel to Italy.
*I might go swimming later today. Would you like to come?
*When I was young my grandfather and I always went fishing in the summer.
*I dream one day I will be able to go sailing.

==Exercises==

1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

::a. ( it's no use , invite ) - You wanna go to the movies tonight. You wish your best friend could go with you but, unfortunately, she's sick.
:::Answer: It's no use inviting her to go to the movies.
::b. ( there's no point in , withdraw ) - You were looking for an ATM so you could withdraw some money to pay a bill. Now that you finally found one you realize it's too late and that you might as well pay it on-line tomorrow.
::c. ( it's not worth ) You have the choice of seeking love or seeking fame, but you can only choose one. You realize fame will never bring you happiness.
::d. ( have difficulty ) She doesn't like hurting people's feelings. That's why it's hard for her to tell people the truth sometimes.
::e. ( it's a waste of time ) People are born with different talents. You wish you could be a famous singer but, honestly, you're terrible. Taking singing lessons will accomplish nothing.
::f. ( spend days ) You have a big decision to make. You have been thinking about it for the last few days.
::g. ( go swimming ) It is a warm summer day and you have the day off from work. You love to swim. Your deepest desire right now is:

2. Make sentences using the following expressions.

::a. it's no use
::b. there's no point in
::c. it's worth
::d. it's not worth
::e. have difficulty
::f. have trouble
::g. have a hard time
::h. a waste of time
::i. a waste of money
::j. spend two months
::k. waste two hours
::l. go shopping
::m. go climbing
::n. go swimming
::o. go sailing
::p. go skiing
::q. go riding
::r. go fishing
::s. go sightseeing

3. Write an email to a friend using the following expressions:

*it's worth
*have a hard time
*go shopping

<br><br>
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to become world class at anything in 6 months or less

2015-08-22T12:42:55Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#What are you good at?
#What are you bad at?
#Tell me about something you would like to learn.
#What strategies do you use to learn something new?
#What are the biggest blocks you have when trying to learn something new?
#What could you do to learn English faster?
#How is motivation related to learning?
#Have you ever been forced to learn something against your will? What was the result?
#What do you think about the educational system in Brazil?
#What is the biggest mistake people make when trying to learn something new?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|quack}}
{{Definition|odd}}
{{Definition2|world|class}}
{{Definition|bizarre}}
{{Definition|skill}}
{{Definition|concept}}
{{Definition|accelerate}}
{{Definition|recall}}
{{Definition|snort}}
{{Definition|pattern}}
{{Definition|outlook}}
{{Definition|core}}
{{Definition|principle}}
{{Definition|acronym}}
{{Definition2|stand|for}}
{{Definition|deconstruction}}
{{Definition|stake}}
{{Definition|outcome}}
{{Definition|renewable}}
{{Definition|squeeze}}
{{Definition|ounce}}
{{Definition|sharpen}}
{{Definition|blade}}
{{Definition|emulate}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|WzyvvkiUIKY}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<br>Todd Henry: So we're here with Tim Ferriss to talk about this new book. The 4-hour chef. Tim, what is it all about?
<br>Tim Ferriss: The 4-hour chef looks and quacks like a cook book, but as a self-described non-cook it's a little odd that I would write such a thing. This is really a guide to how to become world-class in just about anything in six months of less. So this is not just cooking, right? I mean, you have this reputation of acquiring bizarre unique skills quickly. When did you first discover this process? The metalearning concept really hit me when I was in college and I became fascinated by two things simultaneously. The first was smart drugs for accelerating acquisition and recall and all these things. And then I realized that maybe snorting anti-diuretic hormone isn't the best long-term strategy and simultaneously became fascinated with how different companies were teaching language learning. And that's when I also noticed the same pattern in kickboxing. And I ended up applying it to kickboxing to win the national championships in 1999 just a few months after starting practicing. If you believe that instead of being limited to being world-class in one or two things in your life that you could actually become world-class in one or two things per year, how do your decisions change? How does your outlook change? It changes completely!
<br>Todd Henry: Okay, let's get specific then. So, if I want to learn some kind of complex skill quickly and I want to become world-class at it, what's the process I have to go through?
<br>Tim Ferriss: Yeah, so the core principles of metalearning are pretty simple. The acronyms that I use is D.S.S.S. and it stands for deconstruction, selection, sequencing, and stakes. This is the process you apply to any complex skill. And that involves deconstruction, so what are the minimal learnable units, the lego blocks that I should be starting with? Selection, what twenty percent of the blocks will produce eighty percent or more of the outcomes I want? And then sequencing, in what order should I learn these blocks? And then stakes, how do I set up real consequences to guarantee that I follow the program?
<br>Todd Henry: So, based on what you know then about how people acquire skills what piece of advice would you give?
<br>Tim Ferriss: My piece of urgent advice would be very simple and it sounds morbid, but I would say "you are going to die" and the sooner you come to terms with the fact that you have a limited amount of time on this planet and that time is your most valuable, non-renewable resource, you should learn to squeeze every ounce of life, added every minute and every hour that you have on this planet. I really cannot think of a better way to do that than to sharpen the blade of the mind and the spirit that you have by emulating the world's fastest learners with metalearning.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about your experience learning new things. What kinds of tricks do you use? What difficulties do you have? Make sure you use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How a Ponzi Scheme works

2015-08-22T12:42:13Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#Do you know what a Ponzi Scheme is?
#Have you ever entered this scheme? How was it? Did you make or lose money?
#Why do you think people create Ponzi Schemes?
#Do you consider it gambling? Why? Why not?
#Do you play slot machines?
#What percentage of people do you think gamble?
#Do you think that those who own and run Ponzi Schemes are criminals?
#Apart from the obvious reason of making money, why do people gamble?
#Should some forms of gambling be banned?
#Do you bet? How often? What's the biggest bet you have ever placed?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|invest}}
{{Definition|beat}}
{{Definition|needless}}
{{Definition|ecstatic}}
{{Definition|investor}}
{{Definition|market}}
{{Definition|huge}}
{{Definition|margin}}
{{Definition|profit}}
{{Definition|enough}}
{{Definition|pyramid}}
{{Definition|crumble}}
{{Definition|illegal}}
{{Definition|understand}}
{{Definition|few}}
{{Definition|returns}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|VXRkfqw67GE}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
So, you may have heard about Ponzi Schemes in the news. Everybody knows they're illegal but you might not understand how they work. So, Ben is here to show us. To start off, Ben gets a few people to invest their money with him. At the end of the year he gives those clients amazing returns that beats every other investor in the market. Needless to say the investors are thrilled. In fact they're so ecstatic about all the money they're making that they tell all their friends and family about it too; who tell their friends, who tell their friends. In the stock market, most investors make money some years and lose money others. But Ben's Ponzi Scheme, yeah, it never loses money. In fact, it always beats the market by a huge margin, but the returns he pays to these people aren't from actual profits. He just takes the money, these new guys invest and gives it to these guys. But as soon he can't get enough new money from this group to pay these people then the whole pyramid starts to crumble. Because they're not getting paid anymore. Ben and these guys who invested first made a killing but these folks lost all their money. So, the next time a guy like Ben tries to get you to invest in something that sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Just ask Ben.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about how to invest your money. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Preposition + -ing

2015-08-22T12:41:56Z

Solernevital:

==Part A==

A regra desta lição é simples: verbo depois de preposição leva -'''ing'''.

Exemplo:

<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">
*:::I am thinking '''about''' work'''ing''' for you.
</div>

Preposição: about
<br>
Verbo: work

Alguns casos comuns:

{| class="prettytable"
!colspan="5"| verb + preposition + -ing
|-
| insist on || think of || pay for || dream about || look forward to
|-
| succeed in || talk about || agree on || feel like || work on
|-
| decide on || decide against || apologize for || believe in || worry about
|}
<br>

Exemplos de uso:

#I want to go to the movies, but he keeps insisting on going home.
#He's thinking of traveling abroad.
#You will pay for making me wait.
#She always dreamed about being a princess.
#I am looking forward to working with you.
#You succeeded in ruining my day. Congratulations!
#We're talking about joining them in the project.
#We agreed on doing the research before anything else.
#Sam doesn't feel like partying tonight.
#The company has been working on keeping their facebook page up-to-date.
#The guys decided on watching the game at the bar.
#You should probably decide against using that horrible color to paint your office.
#I apologize for interrupting you, but I really need some help right now.
#We believe in building a stronger community by helping one another.
#She always worries about upsetting me.
<br>

===Exercises===

: 1. Use the expression in parentheses to make sentences. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( insist on / drop the charges )
:: b. ( think of / start a new business )
:: c. ( pay for / go to the movies without her )
:: d. ( dream about / meet the Dalai Lama )
:: e. ( look forward to / spend a week in Dubai )
:: f. ( succeed in / raise the money )
:: g. ( talk about / move in together )
:: h. ( agree on / wait until the summer to look for a new job )
:: i. ( feel like / eat popcorn )
:: j. ( work on / improve his pronunciation )
:: k. ( decide on / not pay for the service )
:: l. ( decide against / pass the law )
:: m. ( apologize for / waste their time )
:: n. ( believe in / fight to protect the weak )
:: o. ( worry about / start a rebellion )

: 2. Make sentences using the verbs found in the table above. Use the form "verb + preposition + -ing"

<div id="B"></div>

==Part B==

Em muitos casos não precisamos ter um verbo antes da preposição.

Exemplos:

#Would you be '''interested in buying''' my house?
#He is definitely '''good at wasting''' time.
#They are '''tired of losing'''.
#I need to study French '''instead of watching''' movies.
#He broke the contract '''in spite of knowing''' it was wrong.
#My neighbors are '''sad about moving''' to another city.
#Freedom '''is not about doing''' whatever you want, but doing that which is good for you.
#Think twice '''before telling''' others about your dreams.
#After losing my job, all I had left was my family.
#Abstain from eating sweets if you intend on losing weight.

===Exercises===

: 1. Use the expression in parentheses to make sentences. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( interested in / do business )
:: b. ( good at / steal money )
:: c. ( tired of / hang out with her friends )
:: d. ( instead of / study the day before the exam )
:: e. ( in spite of / see the warning )
:: f. ( sad about / get divorced )
:: g. ( is not about / show off your possessions )
:: h. ( before / travel, make sure )
:: i. ( after / arrive home, we decided to )
:: j. ( abstain from / help people who do harm )

: 2. Make sentences using the following expressions.

:: a. interested in
:: b. good at
:: c. tired of
:: d. instead of
:: e. in spite of
:: f. sad about
:: g. is not about
:: h. before
:: i. after
:: j. abstain from

{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:A Future With Superhumans - a convo with PhD Daniel H. Wilson

2015-08-22T12:34:26Z

Solernevital:

__NOTOC__

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#How is technology changing our lifestyles?
#What invention do you think has had the greatest impact on society? Why?
#In what ways has technology improved our lives? In what ways has it made it worse?
#Would you be willing to have a surgery to implant a chip in your brain? Why? Why not?
#In your opinion, are technologies that enhance our body good or bad? Give examples.
#Can you name some inventions you are looking forward to? (human cloning, time traveling, eternal-life-pill, AIDS/cancer vaccine, teleportation, etc)
#What do you think the world will be like a hundred years from now?
#Talking about sports, do you think 'amped athletes' should be considered to be cheating? Why?
#Would it be considered to be doping?
#If you were a scientist, what invention would you work on?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|vast}}
{{Definition|tool}}
{{Definition|seizure}}
{{Definition|sort}}
{{Definition|epilepsy}}
{{Definition|fire}}
{{Definition|instance}}
{{Definition|pathway}}
{{Definition|toward}}
{{Definition|amplify}}
{{Definition|whether}}
{{Definition|disabled}}
{{Definition|pattern}}
{{Definition|unless}}
{{Definition|mess}}
{{Definition|perceive}}
{{Definition|benefit}}
{{Definition|dumb}}
{{Definition|issue}}
{{Definition|freak}}
{{Definition|amped}}
{{Definition|available}}
{{Definition|meantime}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|cgStGEDLFB4}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseL1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseRC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Narrator: I sat down again with Daniel H. Wilson, the best selling author of Robot Apocalypse. And he has a new book out called “Amped” and, instead of being about homicidal robots, Daniel describes a near future where we create new technology that makes us superhuman.
<br><br>
Daniel: Human beings make technology. It's what we do. A cheetah runs fast. Human beings make tools. And for the vast majority of human history, our tools have been things that we hold in our hands. But, I think that we're gonna have a point in the near future at which our tools are gonna come inside of our bodies.
<br><br>
Narrator: Ok, so we do this already for all sorts of things and we're still basically human. But what happens when we put technology in our brains, like we do for epilepsy? For instance, with epilepsy the neural implant is listening for the sound of a seizure. That's when your neurons just start firing like crazy. So, it's pretty easy to detect, relative to, for instance, figuring out when someone is thinking about oranges. When it senses that the seizure is happening, it can stimulate the brain pathways to prevent the seizure.
<br><br>
Narrator: So Daniel thinks we're gonna take these to next level, with what he calls the neural auto focus.
<br><br>
Daniel: It sits in the brain and it looks for the state of inattention: Someone who is being distracted and then, in response, it stimulates the neurons to push them toward a beta one wave state, which is focused attention. When you have one of these things in your brain, you're an amplified human. Which means you have a special ability to focus. Which makes you learn things faster. Or, you could use it to focus on physical activities. There is a certain pattern of movement that happens again and again and again and again while you're trying to learn how to do some fine motor activity like that. It's gonna pick up on that very quickly and then it's going to specifically stimulate the neurons that are associated with that activity so that you - your actual brain is changing faster.
<br><br>
Narrator: So, I guess one day I'm gonna have to decide whether or not I'm going to get one, right?
<br><br>
Daniel: First, it would be people who have serious problems, but once we notice that the people who used to be disabled are now superabled, regular people are gonna get interested pretty quickly in order to do their jobs faster, to be more competitive, to be better at sports.
<br><br>
Narrator: Is this something you would elect to do?
<br><br>
Daniel: How insane is it, that I've never even thought of that?
<br><br>
Narator: It's pretty crazy.
<br><br>
Daniel: Oh man... you know what People aren't gonna do this unless they see some huge potential benefit. Because, let's face it: You're kind of messing with your brain, right? And that's scary. And nobody is gonna, nobody is down for surgery for no reason, right? You know, I would not do it unless I saw some huge perceived benefit. Or, what if I'm the last one left who hasn't done it and I'm just dumb compared to everyone else? But, let's not focus on individuals, what if everybody in China gets issued one of these things? What if a certain religion decides that this is hmm, you know, heretical or something? What if it's not up to you to make the decision? What if you're a kid and it's up to your parents to determine whether you need this as a treatment for some sort of problem, real or perceived? Do professional sports teams let amps play, or is that cheating? You know there's a lot to think about.
<br> <br>
Narator: Well, I guess I should remind you, if you're freaking out right now, that this hasn't happened, yet. But in the mean time, you can read all about it in this new sci-fi novel called Amped, which is available now. Thanks for chatting.
<br><br>
Daniel: Thank you.
</div>
</div>
[[Category:Transcript ok]]
[[Category:Proofread lessons]]

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs describing an imaginary future where amped humans exist. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How much power does the president really have?

2015-08-22T12:33:53Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#Do you like to read or talk about politics? Why or why not?
#How much power do you think the president of Brazil has?
#What do you understand when it is said that we live in a democracy? Do you agree that we live in one?
#What do you like about our political system?
#What do you dislike about our political system?
#Do you think voting should be an obligation or a choice? Why?
#Who are the people and organizations that have power in Brazil?
#What do you think could be done to improve our political system?
#How do you choose for whom you are going to vote?
#Do you sometimes have to compromise? Give an example.

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition2|figure|out}}
{{Definition|distinguished}}
{{Definition|leading}}
{{Definition|presidency}}
{{Definition|trail}}
{{Definition|sincere}}
{{Definition|unilaterally}}
{{Definition|opposition}}
{{Definition|persuasive}}
{{Definition|fellow}}
{{Definition|prize}}
{{Definition|drawing}}
{{Definition|policy}}
{{Definition|fail}}
{{Definition|leverage}}
{{Definition|fly}}
{{Definition|deliberation}}
{{Definition|compromising}}
{{Definition|dirty}}
{{Definition|traitor}}
{{Definition2|work|out}}
{{Definition|condemned}}
{{Definition|untrustworthy}}
{{Definition|willing}}
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States The Founding Fathers of the United States]

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|v6X28byZZbI}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<br>
- A lot of people want the president of the United States to save us from our enemies, from the economy and other really big things. So, we're trying to figure out: what kind of power does the president really have? To answer that question we sat down with George Edwards, distinguished professor of political science and a leading scholar on the presidency.
<br><br>
GE: The president has much less power than people think and they have much less power than you would think from what you hear candidates promise on the campaign trail. And I don't mean that promises aren't sincere because almost always they are. But presidents, once they take office, run into some pretty hard realities. And the first reality is that they rarely connect unilaterally. They share power primarily with congress and congress, often, in modern American politics, is populated with the opposition, as it is right now. And so presidents come in and think that after two years of campaigning they must be pretty persuasive fellows, after all, they won the big prize in politics and they've been basically doing nothing but talking for two years. But that's a bit different because you are simply drawing a comparison with another candidate and that's different than convincing people to support a particular piece of policy. And it's almost always the case that the public doesn't move in the president's direction or it actually moves a little bit in the opposite direction. So, presidents generally fail in their effort to win the public and, therefore, they don't have the kind of leverage that they want in moving congress.
<br><br>
- So, if we can't expect the president to just fly in and save day, how do we get anything done in this country?
<br><br>GE: The founding fathers, they knew what they were doing, they divided power, they decentralized power, they specifically designed an inefficient system and that forces deliberation and it forces compromising. So, if there's no people in the middle, there's no people with whom you can cut a deal and if compromise becomes a dirty word and you're viewed as a traitor to your party, then there is very little chance of doing something. I'll give you an example, senator Lindsey Graham, a very smart guy and a long time clear conservative. And he found that just by talking to the white house and trying to work out issues on climate change and on immigration that he was condemned by his own party. That's just an example of the kinds of problems that you face when everyone must feel that the opposition party are untrustworthy and, therefore, you can't compromise with them. So, to bring about change, you have to compromise. That's a good thing in my mind. And voters have to support candidates who are willing to compromise. You have to be willing to give up something. You can't argue that I should get everything I want and the other side can have nothing that they want. And you got to support candidates who are willing to talk to the other side sincerely and to compromise and I don't know any other way to actually deal with the kinds of problems that we face.
<br><br>- All right, thanks for chatting with us.
<br><br>GE: Thank you, bye bye.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about our political system, its flaws and benefits. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Verb + ing

2015-08-22T12:33:26Z

Solernevital:

==Part A==

Geralmente, quando temos um verbo seguindo o outro, utilizamos o "to" entre eles para colocar o segundo no infinitivo. Porém, com estes verbos, tiramos o "to" e adicionamos -ing ao segundo.

Exemplo:

{| class="prettytable" width="50%"
|
He avoids eating sugar. (não dizemos '''avoids to eat''')
|}

Os seguintes verbos pedem -ing quando outros verbos os seguem:

{| class="prettytable"
!colspan="5"| verb + verb(ing)
|-
| avoid || dislike || enjoy || finish || mind
|-
| practice || imagine || suggest || stop || deny
|-
| delay || regret || admit || consider || involve
|-
| miss || postpone || risk || ||
|}
<br>
Obs. Podemos usar tanto "stop to" ou "stop + verb(ing)", porém com significados diferentes. Veja os seguintes exemplos:

{{Example|
*He stopped smoking two years ago.
**Ele parou de fumar há dois anos.
*He stopped to smoke five minutes ago.
**Ele parou para fumar há cinco minutos.
}}

===Exercises===

====1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.====

::: ( avoid / go out in the cold ) - Jessica is sick. Her mother told her that if she goes out it will get worse. What should she avoid?
::: '''Answer''': Jessica should avoid going out in the cold.

#( dislike / have to meet new people ) - Jonathan is socially awkward. He has a hard time meeting new people. What does he dislike?
#( enjoy / swim ) - Every opportunity she has she's in the water. Some of her friends tell her she's more fish than human. What does Lindsey enjoy doing?
#( finish / eat lunch ) - Mike is anxious to go play with his friend. His parents tell him he cannot go before he eats everything on his plate. What does he have to do?
#( not mind / help him pack his bags ) - Jack is awful when it comes to packing his bags for a trip and he's asking you for help. What do you say to him?
#( practice / speak in public ) - Timothy is shy, but he was just promoted to a managerial position and will have to lead meetings in his company. What should he do?
#( imagine / go on a trip to Europe ) - Your friend is going to Europe and she wants you to come too. She's talking about all the beautiful things you will see there. What does she want you to do right now?
#( suggest / travel at night ) - Heather hates traveling when it's hot. What can you suggest to her?
#( stop / eat red meat ) - Larissa tells people they should all become vegetarians, but every now and then she can't resist a good barbeque. What does she have to do to stop being a hypocrite?
#( deny / eat red meat at the BBQ ) - Larissa's friend heard that she went to a BBQ last night. Since she tells everyone she's a vegetarian, what will she do?
#( delay / send the emails until the information is verified ) - You just noticed an email you wrote to send to your coworkers might have some wrong information. What will you have to do?
#( regret / tell your sister the secret ) - You told your sister a secret but she told other people about it. How do you feel right now?
#( admit / break the glass ) - You got home and could not find your favorite wine glass. When you asked your roommate about it, what did she do?
#( consider / go back home ) - Larry went to a party, but it was pretty boring. What will he do?
#( involve / design website layouts for businesses ) - Cindy found a job opportunity and is trying to figure out what she will have to do if she takes the job. Tell her what the job involves.
#( miss / go to the movies with her friends ) - Monica has fond memories of the time when she could go to the movies with her friends every weekend. What does she miss?
#( postpone / meet the boss ) - You just got a job and are anxious to meet your boss. Unfortunately he is very busy at the moment and won't be able to come see you. What will you have to do?
#( risk / lose your job ) - You found out that your company is stealing money from its employees, but you are afraid you will get fired if you tell anyone about it. If you do tell, what will happen?

====2. Do [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseT1 | this translation exercise]].====

====3. Make sentences using the verbs found in the table above. Use the form "verb + verb(ing)"====

<div id="B"></div>

==Part B==

As seguintes expressões também pedem -ing.

;give up
:parar ou desistir de fazer algo
;go on
:continuar a fazer algo
;put off
:deixar para fazer depois
;keep / keep on
:fazer algo continuamente ou repetidamente

Exemplos:
{{Example|
*He '''gave up trying''' to convince her to go out.
*Please, '''go on playing''' your violin.
*I need to '''put off calling''' her. I am not in the right mood to do it.
*They '''keep on trying''' to make me stay even though they know I need to go home.
}}

Quando falamos sobre ações que já se encerraram podemos utilizar duas formas. Veja a tradução da seguinte frase.

:::Ele gostou de ter ido à festa.
{|
|
:::He enjoyed going to the party.
:::He enjoyed having gone to the party.
|}

Por fim, podemos utilizar a palavra "that" após alguns verbos, em vez de utilizar o -ing, principalmente (admit, deny, regret e suggest)

{{Example|
*They '''admitted that''' they were not trying to help.
*She '''denied that''' she was part of our group.
*I '''regret that''' I was not there with you.
*I '''suggested that''' we make strawberry cakes instead.
}}

====1. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.====

#( give up / try to help her ) - Carla is not doing very well in school. Since you're her friend, you have tried your best to help her, but it has been pointless. All she wants to do is play video-games. What will you do?
#( go on / study by myself ) - You invited Susan to study with you but she did not feel like it. What did you decide?
#( put off / look for a job ) - You told your friends you would stop living at your mom's expense and look for a job. But when you think about it, it seems like such a chore. What do you want to do?
#( keep on / work on the project ) - You told your boss it would be a great idea to have a facebook page for your business. He agreed to let you create one but now he thinks it's just a waste of time. You still believe that integrating social media and marketing in the company is a great project. What do you want to do?
#( admit that / break the mug ) Your friend collects mugs. Last year she brought one from Paris which is now her favorite. When she was not home you decided to use it and, unfortunately, it fell and broke. What must you do if you want to be honest with your friend?
#( deny that / already watch the movie ) Your brother loves the Harry Potter movies, but he still hasn't been able to watch the last one. You promised you'd watch it with him. One day you went on a date and ended up watching it with that special someone. What can you do to avoid making your brother sad?
#( regret that / not wait ) Your boyfriend/girlfriend went away on a trip that lasted three months. He/She asked you to wait for him/her but you didn't. Now that he/she is back, how do you feel?
#( suggest that / light the fire ) It's very cold and the fireplace is not lit. What should you do?

====2. Make sentences with the following expressions. Use the form "verb + verb(ing)" for the first four.====

*give up
*go on
*put off
*keep / keep on
*admit that
*deny that
*regret that
*suggest that



<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to hack your to-do list

2015-08-22T12:33:05Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out-loud.

#Are you a busy person? Please talk about it.
#Do you keep a calendar? How useful is it?
#How often do you remember things you have to do in the middle of the night?
#Do you find yourself an organized person? Why or why not?
#Do you have a list of priorities?
#Do you sometimes have difficulty doing some tasks because you are worried about something else you have to do?
#How often do you feel overwhelmed by the amount of things you have to do?
#How useful is it to make a "to do list"?
#What do you do to relieve stress?
#Are you good at multitasking?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|suppose}}
{{Definition|handle}}
{{Definition|commitment}}
{{Definition|actually}}
{{Definition|psyche}}
{{Definition|stuff}}
{{Definition|bright}}
{{Definition|buzz}}
{{Definition|capture}}
{{Definition|critical}}
{{Definition|meaningful}}
{{Definition|otherwise}}
{{Definition|outcome}}
{{Definition|park}}
{{Definition|review}}
{{Definition|appropriately}}
{{Definition|engage}}
{{Definition|jabbering}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|Xduzwk04l2E}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
- So I was talking with David Allen author of the book "Getting Things Done" about how to be more organized and he asked me:
<br>
D: Why do you keep a calendar?
- Because if I don't I'll forget where I'm supposed to be and when.
<br>
D: That's right. Your head can't handle that complexity. And, if you like the complexity of your calendar, try the complexity of the rest of your life, if your calendar manages maybe 3 to 4 percent of your commitments and what you actually need to keep track of.
- The other 96 percent David says are things like our goals, our projects, our to do list. What we need at the store, that phone call we need to make, all these other things we just let our brain, our psyche try to keep track of.
<br>
D: The psyche actually sucks as a system. It'll remind you of stuff that you can't do at 3 o'clock in the morning, which is not very bright. If that were just one thing that'd be bad enough but multiply that by about a thousand and realize this buzz that is going on in everybody's head.
- So David thinks we need a new system that captures that buzz and quiets your brain. The first step in this
system is to get everything written down.
<br>
D: So capturing it that's a first critical step. That is I've got to identify those things that are potentially meaningful otherwise my psyche is gonna go, don’t forget, don’t forget, don’t forget… and this little monkey is gonna start to talk inside my head.
- But just writing things down isn’t enough because
<br>
D: If you look at most people's to do list you see things like Mom or bank. But you have to take it to the next step, so now you've got to clarify what's the outcome I'm committed to. And then you say, well what does doing look like and where does it happen, so what’s the very next action about Mom’s birthday, what’s the very next action about the bank, is that a phone call to make, is that a surf the web to find out something. The third thing you need to do is you need to park the result, otherwise it goes back in my psyche.
- The final two steps David says are to review those lists that you make, those parking lots for your tasks and your projects and then of course to do them.
<br>
D: The big secret here about getting things done is it's not really about getting things done. I am now free and clear in my head to let my attention go where it wants to go or where I want to put it. It’s about being appropriately engaged with your life.
- And once you stop trying to keep all of those tasks and projects in your head and you quiet the jabbering monkeys, you’ll find that you have increased capacity to think and be creative.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about the strategies you use to organize your tasks and projects. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:IELTS speaking tasks

2015-08-22T12:32:31Z

Solernevital:

==Expressing a preference==

Look at the following expressions. Understand them. You will have to use each one of them to do the tasks that follow. If you are not familiar with the subject matter of the task, make something up.

#I prefer A to B because...
#If I have a choice, I will... (a real possibility)
#If I had a choice, I would... (not a real possibility, just wishing)
#For me, A is much more attractive / interesting / preferable than B because...
#I would much rather do / have / eat / listen to A than B...

===I prefer A to B because...===

#Cell phones nowadays run two very popular operating systems. They are Android, which is used by Samsung, Motorola and others, and iOS, which is used by the iPhone and iPad. Tell me which one you prefer and why.
#Oranges are cheap and delicious fruits, while strawberries may not be as cheap but are equally as delicious. Tell me which you prefer and why.

===If I have a choice, I will...===

#When you check in at the airport you may be asked to choose between a window and an aisle seat. If you have a choice, what will it be?
#On your best friend's birthday he gave you the choice of calling him or sending him a card. If you have a choice, what will it be?

===If I had a choice, I would...===

#You had to go to a party with a friend, but you were very tired and wanted to go home. If you had a choice, what would you do?
#You got fired from work, but one week later they realized they made a mistake and wanted to hire you again. If you had a choice, what would you do?

===For me, A is much more attractive / interesting / preferable than B because===

# Imagine you have to choose between spending 3 months working as a police officer or 1 week on vacations in China. Tell me which one is more attractive to you and why.
# Imagine you can choose between studying English and Botany. Tell me which one is more interesting to you and why.
# Imagine you can choose between going to jail for 10 years or leaving your whole life behind and escaping to another country. Tell me which one is more preferable and why.

==Narrating==

Complete the following sentences.

#When I was a high school student, I went to Boston to visit some friends.
After I graduated from high school, I ...
#During my visit to Boston last year, I...
#Last year during the Spring Festival, I went to Boston to visit some friends. Arriving there I...

==Comparing and Contrasting==

Look at the following expressions. Understand them. You will have to use each one of them to do the tasks that follow. If you are not familiar with the subject matter of the task, make something up.

#A is much better / worse than B.
#A is not nearly as good as B.
#A is not quite as important as B.
#A is almost as tall as B, but not quite.
#When I compare these two items, it's clear that...

Compare the two things mentioned and used the expression accordingly.

===A is much better / worse than B.===

#A car and a bike
#A loyal friend and a strange person
#Gasoline and ethanol
#Old age and youth

===A is not nearly as good as B.===

#Brazilian and American movies
#Wine and tap water
#Healthy foods and fast food
#Live concerts and concerts on DVD

===A is not quite as important as B.===

#Being nice and being rich
#Freedom and money
#Voting and respecting the law
#Speaking English and speaking Japanese

===A is almost as tall as B, but not quite.===

#Sarah is tall, but John is a bit taller.
#Mike is a bit taller than Sue.

===When I compare these two items, it's clear that...===

#Democracy and tyranny.
#Love and hate.
#Physical and mental health.
#Tradition and innovation.

==Suggesting==

Reply to the following tasks using these expressions:

#Maybe, Perhaps, Possibly
#One possibility that I can think of is...
#Another idea to think about is...

===Maybe, Perhaps, Possibly===

#Jack looks sad. (maybe)
#The sky is dark. (perhaps)
#The New England Patriots are doing well this season. (possibly)

===One possibility that I can think of is...===

#Mary did not come to the party.
#The lights are off in that house.
#Nobody calls me anymore.

===Another idea to think about is...===

#Recycling is a very important idea nowadays.

==Expressing Opinions==

Look at the following expressions. Understand them. You will have to use each one of them to do the tasks that follow. If you are not familiar with the subject matter of the task, make something up.

#It seems to me that...
#This is only my opinion but...
#After a lot of thought, I have come to the conclusion that...
#I've never thought about this question much before, but it seems to me that...

===It seems to me that...===

#People try all kinds of diets to lose weight. Yet most of them fail. What's your opinion on that?

===This is only my opinion but...===

#Global warming is a very hot topic nowadays. Some people say it's worse than we realize, while others say scientists are exaggerating. What do you think?

===After a lot of thought, I have come to the conclusion that...===

#People believe different things to be the cause of happiness, such as wealth, success in your professional life, spiritual development, health, among others. What do you believe to be the cause of happiness?

===I've never thought about this question much before, but it seems to me that...===

#The jail system in our country is in many ways very inefficient. In other countries the privatization of these entities is becoming commonplace. What do you think about that trend?

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to say "No!" to almost anything

2015-08-22T12:31:07Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#What is your definition of vice?
#What is your definition of virtue?
#What bad habits do you have?
#Are you easily tempted?
#What do you do to avoid temptations?
#Can you easily say "No" to things? Why?
#Do you have a list of long-term goals?
#What are some things you wish you could do but have difficulty doing?
#Tell me about something you will do in the future.
#Tell me about something you won't do in the future.
#Tell me about something you want to do in the future.

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|accomplish}}
{{Definition|against}}
{{Definition|responsive}}
{{Definition|willpower}}
{{Definition|goals}}
{{Definition|temptation}}
{{Definition|behavior}}
{{Definition|prompted}}
{{Definition|attempted}}
{{Definition|tap}}
{{Definition|sources}}
{{Definition|unleash}}
{{Definition|mindset}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|H2G3nxr1nvY}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
- You know that feeling when you really want to accomplish something but it seems like your brain is almost fighting against you.
KM: We actually have something more like two minds.
- That's Kelly McGonigal author of the Willpower Instinct
KM: Ah, we have one brain that is very responsive to our immediate needs and when we're in that mindset we tend to make choices that are inconsistent with our long-term goals. But we also all have this other brain, this other mindset that thinks about long-term consequences, remembers what our big values are, takes a kind of expansive view on our lives and our choices. And when we're in that mindset and that system of the brain is in control of our choices, we tend to do things that make our future self actually happier and healthier, more productive, more successful.
- So Kelly says that while many of us think of willpower as the ability to say no to that short-term part of our brain, it can actually be much more effective to tap into the different types of willpower that help us unleash the long term part of our brain.
KM: Many people think of willpower is the ability to resist temptation. But willpower is actually three powers: I will power, I won't power and I want power. I won't power is what we typically think of as willpower, it is the ability to resist temptation. I will power, that's the ability to remember that you want the consequences of doing this difficult thing, and the third power I want power the ability to walk around the world with a clear memory of what it is you care about most. So that when you're deciding what to eat for lunch, it's not an automatic choice but actually in that moment you think about your desire for health. And, actually, what willpower does is it allows you to put your energy and attention on exactly what it is you want and what you care about.
- So if you want to change automatic behavior prompted by that short-term part of our brain, we can't just rely on I won't willpower which will eventually wear down. We also have to tap into I will willpower like whenever I'm tempted to eat a piece of chocolate cake I will eat a handful of carrots instead or I want willpower, like when I'm tempted to smoke I'll remind myself that I really want to be alive to see my grandchildren. By doing this we're tapping into new sources of will power and will make changing those behaviors that much easier.

</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs talking about your thoughts on the topics discussed in the video. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Why Siri can take over the world

2015-08-22T12:30:26Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#Have you ever used SIRI or something similar? How was your experience?
#How often do you search things on Google?
#What do you know about artificial intelligence?
#Do you believe one day computers will be able to feel and love like people do?
#What has changed in the world because of technologies such as Google and SIRI?
#Do you believe robots might take over the world in the future?
#What do you do when you can't access the internet?
#Are these new technologies necessarily good or might they also be harmful? Explain.
#What kind of technology would you like to see being developed?
#Have you seen any science fiction movie that revolves around these issues?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|stuff}}
{{Definition|joke}}
{{Definition|flirt}}
{{Definition|model}}
{{Definition|apply}}
{{Definition|ATM}}
{{Definition|reliable}}
{{Definition|anticipate}}
{{Definition|flood}}
{{Definition|claim}}
{{Definition|threat}}
{{Definition|enable}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|OBr4u0dsFFY}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
If you got yourself the new Iphone, then you fell in love with the SIRI. Because she's helping you do stuff, like make phone calls. You can joke around with her, you're flirting with her, and she is pretty helpful.<br>
SIRI is unique, and the reason for this is SIRI isn't just voice recognition, SIRI can actually understand language, she knows how language is modeled, and she can apply logic. And this makes her feel far more intelligent and human than anything else. Now, we know from things like ATM's that when machines are as reliable as humans, we'd rather use machines. People are using SIRI way more than Apple anticipated. And SIRI is learning everyday, which is making her smarter and smarter.<br>
So, if Apple opens SIRI to third party developers, there is gonna be a flood of new voice enabled applications. SIRI will help you buy things, make your travel plans, make phone calls for you, she will learn your preferences. SIRI is really gonna become a personal assistant, the beginning of actual artificial intelligence. And this is a big deal. Eric Schmidt, from Google, claimed to the Senate Subcommittee on Competition Policy, that the biggest threat to Google is SIRI, because one day you might stop using Google completely and ask her instead. So, keep an eye on SIRI. She is gonna turn some heads.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==
Search the web for information on Google Glasses IN ENGLISH! Then, write a few paragraphs explaining what it is and what you think about it.

<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Verb + (object) + to ...

2015-08-22T12:30:10Z

Solernevital:

== Part A ==

===verb + to ... / verb + object + to ...===

Estes verbos são seguidos de "to". Seja com um objeto entre o verbo e o "to" ou sem.

{| class="prettytable"
!colspan="5"| verbs
|-
| want || ask || help || would like
|-
| expect || beg || mean || would prefer
|}

Examples:

====verb + to====
<div class="well well-ex">
*They expected to win.
*I asked to go home.
*He only meant to help.
*We would like to stay a bit longer.
</div>

====verb + object + to====
<div class="well well-ex">
*They expected me to win.
*I asked her to go home.
*He only meant for us to help.
*We would like you to stay a bit longer.
</div>

====Exercises:====

: 1. Do[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseT1 | this translation exercise]].
<br>
: 2. Use the expression in parentheses to reply to the following situations. You might be asked to write the answers down or just say them out-loud.

:: a. ( want to ) - You just got home. You feel tired. You think that taking a shower is a good idea.
::: '''Answer''': I want to take a shower.
:: b. ( wants me to ) - Your sister is planning a party. She has a lot of things to do and is asking for your help.
:: c. ( is begging to ) - A mother and a little girl are walking past a carnival. The little girl is doing all she can to convince her mother to go inside.
:: d. ( begged her to ) - You are planning a trip to Europe, but you would love to have company. So, you tried to convince your best friend to go with you.
:: e. ( helps to ) - Sometimes, listening to music is a good way of relaxing after a stressful day. So we say that music...
:: f. ( helped us to ) - Our parents gave us all the support we needed to grow and become mature people.
:: g. ( would prefer to ) - They are asking me to go to the mall, but I want to go home.
:: h. ( would prefer them to ) - Your friends came to visit you, but now they have to go. Yet, you wish they could stay.
<br>
: 3. Answer the following email. Give some suggestions using the expressions below.

<div class="well well-text">
Hey there,

I'm writing to ask for your advice on a problem I have at the moment. As you might already know, my boss is putting a lot of pressure on me to finish within the next two weeks the project I am currently working on, but I know I will need at least another week to do it well. I am afraid if I ask for more time he might think I am not doing a good job. Of course, he should realize that I am doing all this work alone when usually a team of three handle this kind of project. What do you think I should do?
</div>

::Give the following opinions:
::* Ask the boss to help.
::* Tell the boss you would like one more week to work on the project.
::* Acknowledge he expects you to finish it on time, but say that it is just not possible.

::Feel free to add any other advice you might like in the email.

== Part B ==

===verb + object + to ...===

Estes verbos seguem a forma: verb + object + to

{| class="prettytable"
!colspan="5"| verbs
|-
| tell || remind || force || encourage || teach
|-
| order || warn || invite || persuade || enable
|}

Examples:

<div class="well well-ex">
*Can you remind me to take out the trash?
*They forced me to come to the party.
*I invited her to stay.
*My parents taught me to never give up.
*We need to persuade her to sell all her property.
</div>

Porém, na voz passiva eles seguem a forma: to be + verb + to

Examples:

<div class="well well-ex">
*I was reminded to take out the trash.
*I was forced to come to the party.
*She was invited to stay.
*I was taught to never give up.
*She needs to be persuaded to sell all her property.
</div>

====Exercises:====

: 1. Do[[{{PAGENAME}}/ExerciseT2 | this translation exercise]].
: 2. Make sentences using the verbs found in the table above.

<br><br>
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to get rich

2015-08-22T12:29:42Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

#What role does money play in your life?
#Do you want to be rich? Why?
#What was your first job?
#Do you worry about building a career?
#What do you do that makes you poorer?
#What do you do that makes you richer?
#Do you play the lottery? Why?
#Did you ever wish to become famous?
#Do you see yourself as a hardworking person?
#Tell me about someone famous you'd like to meet and why.

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to Portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|feat}}
{{Definition|liabilities}}
{{Definition|incredibly}}
{{Definition|lifetime}}
{{Definition|otherwise}}
{{Definition|pocket}}
{{Definition2|real|estate}}
{{Definition|stock}}
{{Definition|assets}}
{{Definition|grow}}
{{Definition|exponentially}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|CV7hAAcApnE}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
So, you are relatively poor. Well, other people seem to be incredibly rich. But, getting rich seems like a mysteriously complicated feat, right? Maybe win the lottery someday, become a movie star or maybe end up in the right place at the right time and get that once in a lifetime opportunity. Otherwise, you're just good at being poor.

Hey, here is the thing, becoming rich is very similar to becoming poor. See, the way you get poor is like this: you work hard and buy things that take money out of your pocket. These are what richy-pants financial people call liabilities - and if you keep acquiring these liabilities, eventually, you will be poor. Guaranteed. Now, becoming rich is pretty similar, you still work hard, you still buy things, except, you buy things that put money in your pocket. Things like real estate, businesses, stock, things called assets and assets generate money for you, even when you're not working, which grows exponentially with the more assets you buy. And if you keep buying these assets, soon, you will be rich.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs giving your opinions and thoughts on the advice given in the video. Make sure to use words you learned in this lesson and try to make it as long as you can. This is your opportunity to show off your writing skills.
<br><br>
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|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:Infinitive or -ING

2015-08-22T12:29:08Z

Solernevital:

= Intro =
==Infinitivo ou -ing?==

Às vezes precisamos decidir quando usar um verbo em sua forma:
<div class="well well-ex">
*-ing (doing, singing)
</div>
:::ou
<div class="well well-ex">
*infinitiva (to do, to sing).
</div>
<br>
Por exemplo, apenas uma das seguintes frases está correta. Qual?
<div class="well well-ex">
*I dislike working late. (???)
*I dislike to work late. (???)
</div>
<br>
== Part A ==
===Quando usar a forma infinitiva===

{| class="prettytable" align="right"
!colspan="5"| verb + to + verb
|+ align="bottom" |
Table 1
|-
| forget || help || learn || teach || train
|-
| choose || expect || hope || need || offer
|-
| want || would like || agree || refuse || pretend
|-
| promise || allow || afford || decide || manage
|-
| mean || tend || threaten || attempt || fail
|-
| plan || arrange || appear || seem || want
|-
| dare || intend || || ||
|}
1. A forma infinitiva é utilizada depois de certos verbos:

<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">
*I forgot to close the window.
*Mary needs to leave early.
*We can't afford to take a long holiday.
</div>

2. A forma infinitiva sempre vem depois de adjetivos, por exemplo:

* disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">
*I was happy to help them.
*She will be delighted to see you.
</div>

2.1 Isto inclui too + adjetivo:
<div class="well well-ex">
*The water was too cold to swim in.
*Is your coffee too hot to drink?
</div>

2.2 A forma infinitiva também vem depois de adjetivo + enough:
<div class="well well-ex">
*He was strong enough to lift it.
*She is rich enough to buy two.
</div>

== Part B ==
===Quando usar -ing===

1. A forma -ing é usada quando a palavra é o sujeito de uma sentença ou cláusula:
<div class="well well-ex">
*Swimming is good exercise.
*Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.
</div>
2. A forma -ing é usada depois de uma preposição:
<div class="well well-ex">
*I look forward to meeting you.
*They left without saying "Goodbye."
</div>
{| class="prettytable" align="right"
!colspan="5"| verb + verb(ing)
|+ align="bottom" |
'''Table 2'''
|-
| avoid || dislike || enjoy || finish || mind
|-
| practice || imagine || suggest || stop || deny
|-
| delay || regret || admit || consider || involve
|-
| miss || postpone || risk || ||
|}
3. A forma -ing é usada depois de certos verbos:
<div class="well well-ex" style="width: 50%;">
*I dislike getting up early.
*Would you mind opening the window?
*Stop talking for a second, please.
*I miss living with you.
</div>
4. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de -ing ou ficarem na forma infinitiva sem alterar muito o sentido:

* begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
<div class="well well-ex">
*It started to rain.
*It started raining.
*I like to play tennis.
*I like playing tennis.
</div>

===Writing practice===

Make sentences using the verbs found in table 1 and table 2.

== Extra Exercises ==

#[[Lesson:Infinitive or -ING/ExerciseA1]]

<br><br>
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[[Category:Core]]

Lesson:How to make the most of your weekend

2015-08-22T12:28:41Z

Solernevital:

==Conversation==

Answer the following questions. You might be asked to write them down or answer them out loud.

# What do you usually do during the week?
# What do you usually do during the weekend?
# Do you sometimes feel like work stops you from relaxing on the weekend?
# What's the biggest problem you have had at work? How did you solve it?
# Do you find it hard to balance your personal life and work?
# What do you do to relax and disconnect from work?
# Do you check your work related emails on the weekend?
# Do you like your job?
# If you could change one thing about your work, what would it be?
# When was the last time you had fun for real? What did you do?

==Vocabulary==

Look at the vocabulary below. Take time to explore the links for their definitions in English and their translations to portuguese. When you are done, make a sentence with each word. Ask your teacher if you should write them down or say them out loud.

{{Definition|seal}}
{{Definition|mode}}
{{Definition|key}}
{{Definition|bare}}
{{Definition|while}}
{{Definition|hiking}}
{{Definition|focus}}

==Video==

Watch the following video but DON'T read the transcript yet.

{{youtube|D-nE_HXjnZw}}
<br>
After watching the video do this [[Lesson:How to make the most of your weekend/ExerciseD1 | listening exercise]].
<div>
<br>
</div>

==Reading practice==

Read the following transcript then do the associated [[Lesson:How to make the most of your weekend/ExerciseC1 | reading comprehension exercise]].

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:95%">Transcript:<div class="mw-collapsible-content">

You've worked hard all week; meetings, presentations, emails - more emails. And it's finally the weekend.

Here's the trouble. We spend all week learning how to be productive. So, it's hard to break the seal when Friday comes. You can try to avoid work, but you're still in work mode.

See, the key to having a real break during the weekend is to do things that are not productive. So while turning off the phone is good, creating something with your bare hands is better. And while turning off the email may be helpful, taking your family on a hiking trip to a state park will actually help you disconnect.

So do something this weekend that makes you focus on being unproductive and it might just feel like a weekend again.
</div>
</div>

==Writing practice==

Write a couple of paragraphs describing what a perfect weekend would look like in your opinion. Make sure to use words you learned from the text and try to make it as long as you can.
<br><br>
{{#widget:DISQUS
|id=jointhegrove
|uniqid={{PAGENAME}}
|url={{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}}}
}}

[[Category:Core]]